Abstract
Aim of the study: To evaluate the total soluble solid content (TSSC) and viscosity of commercially available mouthwashes available on the market in Macedonia.
Material and methods: A market analysis was conducted from January to October 2024. Products meeting defined inclusion criteria were analyzed using refractometry (Atago® Rx-5000i, 37°C) to determine TSSC (°Brix), and a modular compact rheometer (MCR 92, Anton Paar) to assess viscosity (mPa·s) under constant shear rate conditions. Each measurement was performed in triplicate.
Results: TSSC values ranged from 0 to 38.84 °Brix, with a mean of 11.17±5.95 °Brix. Viscosity varied between 0.81 and 74.39 mPa·s, averaging 2.86±8.69 mPa·s. Outliers included products exceeding 35.99 °Brix or 3.03 mPa·s. A strong positive correlation was found between TSSC and viscosity (ρ = 0.722, p < 0.001), suggesting increased viscosity with higher solid content.
Conclusion: The wide variability in TSSC and viscosity reflects the complexity of mouthwash formulations and their potential impact on oral health. The strong correlation between these parameters highlights the need to assess them together in both product development and clinical guidance. Further in vivo research is essential to determine their clinical relevance and support evidence-based recommendations for safe use.