Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Dental Specializations and Sub-Specializations in North Macedonia: Then and Now Cover

Dental Specializations and Sub-Specializations in North Macedonia: Then and Now

Open Access
|Jul 2025

References

  1. Ustrell-Torrent JM, Buxarrais-Estrada MR, Ustrell-TorrentRiutord-Sbert P. Ethical relationship in the dentist-patient interaction. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021;13(1):e61-e66.
  2. University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine. 70 years of education in dental medicine at the University of Zagreb, 1948–2018. [In English]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine; 2018
  3. University in Belgrade, Faculty of Dentistry. Faculty of Dentistry 1948-2023. [In Serbian]. Belgrade: University in Belgrade, Faculty of Dentistry; 2023.
  4. Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry. 30 years of Faculty of Dentistry. [In Macedonian]. Skopje: Faculty of Dentistry; 1989.
  5. Tavchiovski I, Lazarevska B. Social-medical significance of the prevalence of oral diseases, tooth and periodontal diseases in the SFRJ. [In Macedonian]. Macedonian Dental Review 1983; 7(3-4), 59-63.
  6. World Health Organization. Organization of dental public health services: report of a WHO Expert Committee on Dental Health [meeting held in Geneva from 13 to 19 October 1964]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1965.
  7. Ivanovski, K, Kokolanski V, Peševska S. Concept of dental health service provision with a special focus on the network of dental institutions in the Republic of Macedonia. [In Serbian]. Zdravstvena zastita 2013 42(3), 12-17.
  8. Lapter V, Njemirovskij Z. Specialization in dentistry. [In Croatian]. Acta Stomatologica Croatica 1966; 1(1), 15-28.
  9. Rulebook on Branches of Specialization and Duration of Specialist Internship for Health Workers. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of FNRJ, No. 24/59.
  10. Rulebook on Specialization of Health Workers of the First Group. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of FNRJ, No. 2/60.
  11. Rulebook on Internship and Specialist Exams, Specialist Practice and Exams for Medical Professionals, Specialist Courses and Training for Health Workers. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of FNRJ, No. 32/48.
  12. Rulebook on Specialization of Physicians, Dentists, and Pharmacists. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of SRM, Nos. 19/72 & 20/76.
  13. Health Care Law. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of SRM, No. 20/70.
  14. Law on Health Care. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of SRM, No. 10/83.
  15. Rulebook on Specialization and Sub-specialization of Health Workers and Health Associates with Higher Education [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the SRM, No. 36/84.
  16. Health Care Law. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, Nos. 38/91, 46/93, 55/95, 10/2004, 84/2005, 111/2005, 65/2006, 5/2007, 77/2008, 67/2009, 88/10, 44/11, & 53/11.
  17. Rulebook on Specialization and Sub-specialization of Health Workers and Health Associates with Higher Education. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, Nos. 1/92, 18/93, 53/95, 61/95, 59/96, 20/00, 20/02, & 2/04.
  18. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations of Health Workers and Health Associates with Higher Education. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, No. 89/06.
  19. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations of Health Workers and Health Associates with Higher Education. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, No. 61/11.
  20. Nikolovska J. Oral health care provision systems in the Black Sea countries, part 14: The Republic of Macedonia. Oral Health and Dental Management 2013; 12(2), 61-64. PMID: 23756420
  21. Health Care Law. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, Nos. 43/12, 145/12, 87/13, 164/13, 39/14, 43/14, 132/14, 188/14, 10/15, 61/15, 154/15, 192/15, 17/16, 37/16, 20/19, and Official Gazette of the Republic of North Macedonia, Nos. 101/19, 153/19, 180/19, 275/19, 77/21, 122/21, 178/21, 150/22, 236/22, 199/23, & 263/23.
  22. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations for Health Workers and Health Associates with Higher Education. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, Nos. 137/12 & 121/13.
  23. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations for Health Workers with Higher Education in the fields of Dentistry and Pharmacy, as well as Health Associates with Higher Education. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, Nos. 28/19 & 206/19.
  24. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations for Health Workers with Higher Education in Medicine. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia, No. 85/15.
  25. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations for Health Workers and Health Associates with Higher Education in the fields of Dentistry and Pharmacy. [In Macedonian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of North Macedonia, Nos. 275/21 & 231/23.
  26. Tavchiovski I, Necheva Lj, Mirchev E, Kederov P, Atanasov N. Socio-economic status of dental services in SR Macedonia. [In Macedonian]. Maced Dent Rev. 1982;6(3):325-329
  27. Spasovski M, Donev D, Tozija F. Projection of dental specialist cadres using projected standards in the Republic of Macedonia until 2005 [in Macedonian]. Maced Dent Rev. 1993;17(2):97-102.
  28. American Dental Association. 2021 Periodic Review: Dental Specialty Education and Practice Report [Internet]. Chicago: American Dental Association; 2021 [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://ncrdscb.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ncrdscb/files/2021_period-icreview_dentalspecialtyeducation_practicere-port.pdf
  29. American Dental Association. Dental Specialties [Internet]. [place unknown]: American Dental Association; [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.joinleland.com/library/a/ada-dental-specialties
  30. Harrington C, Cole J, Kelly J. Scope and specialization in dental care. Delaware J Public Health. 2022;8(5):158.
  31. American Dental Association. History of Dental Specialty Recognition [Internet]. American Dental Association; [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://ncrdscb.ada.org/-/media/project/ada-organization/ada/ncrdscb/files/history_specialty_recognition.pdf
  32. Saxen MA, Peterson DE, Mashni M. Point: A 21st-century paradigm for the recognition of dental specialties in the United States: Historical review, lessons learned, looking forward. J Am Dent Assoc. 2019;150(3):193-199.
  33. Ziebert AJ, Norman CH. Counterpoint: The 21st-century paradigm for recognition of dental specialties is not much different than the existing paradigm. J Am Dent Assoc. 2019;150(3):200-203.
  34. American Dental Association. Supply of dentists in the U.S.: 2001-2023 [Internet]. Chicago: American Dental Association; [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https://www.ada.org/resources/research/health-policy-institute/dentist-workforce
  35. Fernández-Serrano J, García-Espona E, Alarcón JA, García-Espona C, García-Espona I. Differences in the ratios of general and dental specialists in Europe. Int Dent J. 2024;74(3):519-525.
  36. Sanz M, Widström E, Eaton KA. Is there a need for a common framework of dental specialties in Europe? Eur J Dent Educ. 2008;12(3):138-143.
  37. García-Espona I, García-Espona E, Alarcón JA, Fernández-Serrano J. European inequalities and similarities in officially recognized dental specialties. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):280.
  38. García-Espona I, García-Espona C, Alarcón JA, García-Espona E, Fernández-Serrano J. Is there a common pattern of dental specialties in the world? Orthodontics, the constant element. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):49.
  39. Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia. Postgraduate Education in Dental Specialties [Internet]. Sofia: FDM-MU Sofia; [cited 2025 Apr 15]. Available from: https://www.fdm.mu-sofia.bg/en/postgraduate-education/dental-specialties/
  40. Rulebook on Types, Content, Duration, and Course of Medical Specializations. [In Slovenian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 35/24.
  41. Škrinjarić I. Klinička stomatološka djelatnost i studij stomatologije u Hrvatskoj. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2012;46(3):195-201.
  42. Nikolić I. Voljnost doktora dentalne medicine za rad s djecom [diplomski rad]. Split: Sveučilište u Splitu, Medicinski fakultet; 2021 [pristupljeno 2025 Mar 18]. Dostupno na: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:171:100033
  43. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations for Health Workers and Health Associates. [In Serbian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, Nos. 10/2013, 91/2013, 113/2013, 109/2014, 53/2018, 17/2021, 77/2022, 6/2023 & 93/2023.
  44. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations for Health Workers and Health Associates. [In Serbian]. Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 63/10.
  45. Rulebook on Specializations. [In Montenegrin]. Official Gazette of Montenegro, No. 17/14.
  46. Rulebook on Specializations and Sub-specializations for Health Workers and Health Associates. [In Bosnian]. Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 75/20.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/prilozi-2025-0017 | Journal eISSN: 1857-8985 | Journal ISSN: 1857-9345
Language: English
Page range: 83 - 94
Published on: Jul 5, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Vlatko Kokolanski, Kjiro Ivanovski, Julijana Nikolovska, Maja Milosevic Markovic, Spiro Spasovski, Bojan Poposki, Marija Andonovska, published by Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.