Association of occupation with smoker and non-smoker COPD patients_
| Occupation | COPD patients | Total | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smoker (%) | Smoker (%) | |||
| Farmer | 15 (41.7) | 19 (55.9) | 34 (48.6) | 0.09 |
| Housewife | 11 (30.6) | 8 (23.5) | 19 (27.1) | |
| Labour | 10 (27.8) | 4 (11.8) | 14 (20.0) | |
| Tailor | 0 (0.0) | 3 (8.8) | 3 (4.3) | |
| Total | 36 (100.0) | 34 (100.0) | 70 (100.0) |
Comparison of pre- and post-bronchodilator PFT parameters between smokers and non-smokers COPD patients_
| Characteristics | Group | N | Mean | SD | SEM | t | P- value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-bronchodilator | |||||||
| FVC% (P) | Non-smoker | 36 | 58.64 | 9.33 | 1.56 | 0.17 | 0.866 (NS) |
| Smoker | 34 | 58.26 | 9.08 | 1.56 | |||
| FEV1/FVC% | Non-smoker | 36 | 63.79 | 8.18 | 1.36 | -0.94 | 0.354 (NS) |
| Smoker | 34 | 80.56 | 103.81 | 17.80 | |||
| Post-bronchodilator | |||||||
| FEV1% | Non-smoker | 36 | 42.17 | 9.88 | 1.65 | -1.11 | 0.272 |
| Smoker | 34 | 44.91 | 10.84 | 1.86 | |||
| FVC% | Non-smoker | 36 | 62.92 | 7.71 | 1.28 | 0.86 | 0.393 |
| Smoker | 34 | 61.32 | 7.79 | 1.34 | |||
| FEV1/FVC% | Non-smoker | 36 | 64.28 | 9.47 | 1.58 | -1.18 | 0.243 |
| Smoker | 34 | 66.76 | 8.08 | 1.39 | |||
Comparison of GOLD staging in smoker and non-smoker COPD patients_
| GOLD grades | Non-smoker (n = 36) | Smoker (n = 34) | Total | Odds ratio | 95% C.I. | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | 12 (33.3%) | 9 (26.5%) | 21 (30.0%) | 1 | - | - |
| Severe | 23 (63.9%) | 24 (70.6%) | 47 (67.1%) | 1.39 | 0.49–3.92 | 0.60 |
| Very severe | 1 (2.8%) | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (2.9%) | 1.33 | 0.07–24.31 | 1.00 |
Association of symptoms and comorbidities in smoker and non-smoker COPD patients_
| Characteristics | Non-smoker (n = 36) | Smoker (n = 34) | Total | P-value | Odds ratio (95% C.I. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | |||||
| Breathlessness | 36 (100.0%) | 34 (100.0%) | 70 (100.0%) | - | - |
| Cough with expectoration | 36 (100.0%) | 33 (97.1%) | 69 (98.6%) | 0.48 | - |
| Fever | 24 (66.7%) | 27 (79.4%) | 51 (72.9%) | 0.176 | - |
| Wheeze | 19 (52.8%) | 14 (41.2%) | 33 (47.1%) | 0.232 | - |
| Swelling on both legs | 17 (47.2%) | 15 (44.1%) | 32 (45.7%) | 0.492 | - |
| Chest pain | 15 (41.7%) | 21 (61.8%) | 36 (51.4%) | 0.074 | - |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Absent (score 0–1) | 18 (50.0%) | 24 (70.6%) | 42 (60.0%) | - | 1 |
| Low (score 2) | 14 (38.9%) | 7 (20.6%) | 21 (30.0%) | 0.07 | 2.66 (0.89–7.63) |
| High (score ≥3) | 4 (11.1%) | 3 (8.8%) | 7 (10.0%) | 0.38 | 1.77 (0.35–8.95) |
Comparison of various scores between smokers and non-smokers COPD patients_
| Characteristics | Group | N | Mean | SD | SEM | t | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exacerbation in the previous year | Non-smoker | 36 | 1.25 | 0.87 | 0.15 | 0.73 | 0.47 |
| Smoker | 34 | 1.06 | 1.28 | 0.22 | |||
| mMRC dyspnoea score | Non-smoker | 36 | 3.28 | 0.78 | 0.13 | -3.21 | 0.002 |
| Smoker | 34 | 3.76 | 0.43 | 0.07 | |||
| CCQ | Non-smoker | 36 | 4.10 | 0.83 | 0.14 | -2.29 | 0.025 |
| Smoker | 34 | 4.54 | 0.76 | 0.13 | |||
| CAT score | Non-smoker | 36 | 31.17 | 5.36 | 0.89 | -1.22 | 0.227 |
| Smoker | 34 | 32.71 | 5.20 | 0.89 |