Skip to main content
Have a personal or library account? Click to login
CT-based lung geometry for high-resolution modelling of cardiopulmonary interaction Cover

CT-based lung geometry for high-resolution modelling of cardiopulmonary interaction

Open Access
|Jun 2026

References

  1. Nunn JF. Distribution of Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion. Nunn’s Applied Respiratory Physiology. Elsevier. 2017.
  2. Prisk GK. Microgravity and the respiratory system. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(5):1459-1471. doi:10.1183/09031936.00001414
  3. Powers KA, Dhamoon AS. Physiology, Pulmonary Ventilation and Perfusion. StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. 2023.
  4. Pałko KJ, Kołodziej D, Darowski M. Lung divisions for models of cardiopulmonary interaction – preliminary tests. Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering. 2024;30(2):52-68. doi:10.2478/pjmpe-2024-0007
  5. World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases: Key facts. WHO Fact Sheet. 2025.
  6. World Health Organization. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): Key facts. WHO Fact Sheet. 2024.
  7. Golczewski T. Gas Exchange in a Virtual Respiratory System – Simulation of Ventilation without Lung Movement. Int J Artif Organs. 2007;30(12):1047-1056. doi:10.1177/039139880703001204
  8. Golczewski T, Darowski M. Virtual Respiratory System for Education and Research: Simulation of Expiratory Flow Limitation for Spirometry. Int J Artif Organs. 2006;29(10):961-972. doi:10.1177/039139880602901007
  9. Ferrari G, De Lazzari C, Mimmo R, Tosti G, Ambrosi D. A modular numerical model of the cardiovascular system for studying and training in the field of cardiovascular physiopathology. J Biomed Eng. 1992;14(2):91-107. doi:10.1016/0141-5425(92)90014-C
  10. Gorczyńska K, Ferrari G, De Lazzari C, et al. The influence of selected left ventricular and systemic parameters on cardiovascular hemodynamics and energetics-modeIIing study. Biocybern Biomed Eng. 2000;20(3):35-47.
  11. Ferrari G, Kozarski M, De Lazzari C, et al. A hybrid (numerical-physical) model of the left ventricle. Int J Artif Organs. 2001;24(7):456-462.
  12. Ferrari G, De Lazzari C, Kozarski M, et al. A Hybrid Mock Circulatory System: Testing a Prototype Under Physiologic and Pathological Conditions. ASAIO J. 2002;48(5):487-494. doi:10.1097/00002480-200209000-00009
  13. Ferrari G, Kozarski M, De Lazzari C, et al. Modelling of Cardiovascular System: Development of a Hybrid (Numerical-Physical) Model. Int J Artif Organs. 2003;26(12):1104-1114. doi:10.1177/039139880302601208
  14. Kozarski M, Ferrari G, Clemente F, et al. A Hybrid Mock Circulatory System: Development and Testing of an Electro-hydraulic Impedance Simulator. Int J Artif Organs. 2003;26(1):53-63. doi:10.1177/039139880302600109
  15. Ferrari G, Kozarski M, De Lazzari C, Ska KG, Tosti G, Darowski M. Development of a Hybrid (numerical-hydraulic) Circulatory Model: Prototype Testing and Its Response to IABP Assistance. Int J Artif Organs. 2005;28(7):750-759. doi:10.1177/039139880502800714
  16. Kozarski M, Ferrari G, Zieliński K, et al. A new hybrid electro-numerical model of the left ventricle. Comput Biol Med. 2008;38(9):979-989. doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2008.07.001
  17. Zieliński K, Golczewski T, Kozarski M, Darowski M. Virtual and Artificial Cardiorespiratory Patients in Medicine and Biomedical Engineering. Membranes. 2022;12(6):548. doi:10.3390/membranes12060548
  18. Neelakantan S, Xin Y, Gaver DP, et al. Computational lung modelling in respiratory medicine. J R Soc Interface. 2022;19(191):20220062. doi:10.1098/rsif.2022.0062
  19. Lancmanova A, Bodnar T. Numerical simulations of human respiratory flows: a review. Discov Appl Sci. 2025;7(4):242. doi:10.1007/s42452-025-06617-x
  20. Pennati F, Aliboni L, Aliverti A. Modeling Realistic Geometries in Human Intrathoracic Airways. Diagnostics. 2024;14(17):1979. doi:10.3390/diagnostics14171979
  21. Seyfi B, Santhanam AP, Ilegbusi OJ. A Biomechanical Model of Human Lung Deformation Utilizing Patient-Specific Elastic Property. J Cancer Ther. 2016;7(6):402-415. doi:10.4236/jct.2016.76043
  22. Aralova NI, Klyuchko OM, Mashkin VI, Mashkina IV, Radziejowski PA, Radziejowska MP. Mathematical Models of Respiratory and Blood Circulatory System. Biotechnologia Acta. 2022;15(1):23-37. doi:10.15407/biotech15.01.023
  23. Kappel F. Modeling the Dynamics of the Cardiovascular-respiratory System (CVRS) in Humans, a Survey. Math Model Nat Phenom. 2012;7(5):65-77. doi:10.1051/mmnp/20127506
  24. Golczewski T, Darowski M. Virtual respiratory system in investigation of CPAP influence on optimal breathing frequency in obstructive lungs disease. Nonlinear Biomed Phys. 2007;1(1):6. doi:10.1186/1753-4631-1-6
  25. Tawhai MH, Burrowes KS. Modelling pulmonary blood flow. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2008;163(1-3):150-157. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2008.02.016
  26. Otis AB, McKerrow CB, Bartlett RA, et al. Mechanical Factors in Distribution of Pulmonary Ventilation. J Appl Physiol. 1956;8(4):427-443. doi:10.1152/jappl.1956.8.4.427
  27. Hopkins SR. Ventilation/Perfusion Relationships and Gas Exchange: Measurement Approaches. Comprehensive Physiology. Wiley. 2020:1155-1205. doi:10.1002/cphy.c180042
  28. Petersson J, Glenny RW. Gas exchange and ventilation–perfusion relationships in the lung. Eur Respir J. 2014;44(4):1023-1041. doi:10.1183/09031936.00037014
  29. Wagner PD, Laravuso RB, Uhi RR, West JB. Continuous Distributions of Ventilation-Perfusion Ratios in Normal Subjects Breathing Air and 100% O2. J Clin Invest. 1974;54(1):54-68. doi:10.1172/JCI107750
  30. Zieliński K, Stecka A, Golczewski T. VirRespir—An Application for Virtual Pneumonological Experimentation and Clinical Training. In: Lhotska L, Sukupova L, Lacković I, Ibbott GS, eds. World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2018. Springer Nature Singapore. 2019:697-701.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2026-0007 | Journal eISSN: 1898-0309 | Journal ISSN: 1425-4689
Language: English
Page range: 59 - 71
Submitted on: Feb 11, 2026
Accepted on: Apr 16, 2026
Published on: Jun 2, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2026 Krzysztof Jakub Pałko, Dariusz Kołodziej, Tomasz Urbankowski, Jerzy Walecki, Tadeusz Pałko, Marek Darowski, published by Polish Society of Medical Physics
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.