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Numerical study on the influence of outlet diameters on the discharge characteristics of dual-outlet silos Cover

Numerical study on the influence of outlet diameters on the discharge characteristics of dual-outlet silos

Green Sciences
Volume 28 (2026): Issue 1 (March 2026)
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Apr 2026
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Schematic diagram of the dual-outlet silo.

Figure 2

Computational mesh and boundary conditions.

Figure 3

Contours of powder volume fraction in the silo system during discharge. (a) D o = 0.26 m, (b) D o = 0.52 m, (c) D o = 0.78 m.

Figure 4

Powder volume fraction at discharge time t = 2.5 s. (a) H = 3.0 m, (b) H = 1.5 m.

Figure 5

Contours of gas pressure in the hopper during discharge. (a) D o = 0.26 m, (b) D o = 0.52 m, (c) D o = 0.78 m.

Figure 6

Average gas pressure in the silo system during discharge.

Figure 7

Contours of powder velocity in the silo system during discharge. (a) D o = 0.26 m, (b) D o = 0.52 m, (c) D o = 0.78 m.

Figure 8

Powder velocity at discharge time t = 2.5 s. (a) H = 3.0 m, (b) H = 1.5 m.

Figure 9

Gas and powder velocity at H = 3 m when t = 2.5 s. (a) D o = 0.26 m, (b) D o = 0.78 m.

Figure 10

Gas and powder velocity at H = 1.5 m when t = 2.5 s. (a) D o = 0.26 m, (b) D o = 0.78 m.

Figure 11

Discharge mass properties during the hopper emptying process. (a) Mass in the hopper, (b) discharge mass percentage.

Figure 12

Mass flow rate properties during discharge.

Model geometry and parameter values

ParameterValue
L 1 (m)7.05
L 2 (m)3.00
W (m)2.23
D o (m)0.26, 0.52, 0.78
ε (°)15.0
η (°)54.0
d p (μm)200
ϕ e (°)30
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2026-0002 | Journal eISSN: 3072-0389
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Language: English
Page range: 17 - 32
Submitted on: Sep 30, 2025
Accepted on: Feb 8, 2026
Published on: Apr 27, 2026
Published by: West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: Volume open
Keywords:
Numerical simulation,
Two-fluid model,
Dual-outlet silo,
Outlet diameter,
Discharge characteristics.
Related subjects:
Industrial chemistry,
Biotechnology,
Chemical engineering,
Process engineering

© 2026 Xuanyi Liu, Fei Wang, Sijiu Qi, published by West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 28 (2026): Issue 1 (March 2026)
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