Measuring Intellectual Capital in the Context of the Increased Use of Artificial Intelligence
By: Alina CIOBOTAR BUTNARU and Veronica GROSU
References
- Ahmad, F. (2023). Modified VAIC model: measuring missing components information and treatment of exogenous factors. Managerial Finance, 49(9), 1453-1473.
- Andriessen, D. (2004). Making sense of intellectual capital. Routledge.
- Bansal, A., Singh, S., & Bansal, P. (2024). Impact of intellectual capital on firm performance using VAIC model: a review. IUP Journal of Knowledge Management, 22(4), 47-65.
- Bakhsha, A., Afrazeh, A., & Esfahanipour, A. (2017). A criticism on value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 17(6), 59-71.
- Buenaño, E., Báez, S., & Campaña, P. (2025). Intellectual capital and financial performance: a comparative analysis of VAIC models in Ecuadorian banking. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2495187.
- Evangelista, L., Izzo, T., Russo, A., & Risaliti, G. (2025). Measuring Intellectual Capital in Research Centre: an application of the extended VAIC model. Economia Aziendale Online- , 16(1), 71-95.
- Frutos-Belizón, J., Martín-Alcázar, F., & Sánchez-Gardey, G. (2019). Conceptualizing academic intellectual capital: definition and proposal of a measurement scale. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 20(3), 306-334.
- Dybvig, P. H., & Warachka, M. (2015). Tobin’s q does not measure firm performance: Theory, empirics, and alternatives. Empirics, and Alternatives (March 5, 2015).
- Hanif, H., Rakhman, A., Nurkholis, M., & Pirzada, K. (2019). Intellectual capital: extended VAIC model and building of a new HCE concept: the case of Padang Restaurant Indonesia. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(Special Edition), 1-15.
- Hudson, M., Smart, A. and Bourne, M. 2001. Theory and practice in SME performance measurement systems. International Journal of Operations and Production Management 21: 1096-1115.
- Matos, F., Vairinhos, V., & Godina, R. (2020). Reporting of intellectual capital management using a scoring model. Sustainability, 12(19), 8086.
- Nadeem, M., Dumay, J., & Massaro, M. (2019). If you can measure it, you can manage it: a case of intellectual capital. Australian Accounting Review, 29(2), 395-407.
- Nawrocki, T. (2022). Issues of intellectual capital evaluation in an enterprise in relation to the method basing on the difference between its market and book value. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria: Organizacja i Zarządzanie, (167), 365-381.
- Li, J., Wu, T., Hu, B., Pan, D. și Zhou, Y. (2025). Artificial Intelligence and Corporate ESG Performance. International Review of Financial Analysis, 102, 104036.
- Pulic, A. (2000). VAIC™–an accounting tool for IC management. International journal of technology management, 20(5-8), 702-714.
- Ståhle, P., Ståhle, S., & Aho, S. (2011). Value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC): a critical analysis. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 12(4), 531-551.
- Švarc, J., Lažnjak, J., & Dabić, M. (2021). The role of national intellectual capital in the digital transformation of EU countries. Another digital divide?. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(4), 768-791.
- Van den Berg, H. A. (2003). Models of intellectual capital valuation: a comparative evaluation.
- Zaytsev, A., Rodionov, D., Dmitriev, N., & Kichigin, O. (2020, September). Comparative analysis of results of using assessment methods for intellectual capital. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 940, No. 1, p. 012025). IOP Publishing.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2026-0454 | Journal eISSN: 2558-9652
Language: English
Page range: 6173 - 6186
Published on: Jul 23, 2026
Published by: Bucharest University of Economic Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Alina CIOBOTAR BUTNARU, Veronica GROSU, published by Bucharest University of Economic Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.