Have a personal or library account? Click to login

The Evolution of Romanian Transportation Companies: Insights from Financial Data through a Machine Learning Approach

Open Access
|Jul 2025

References

  1. Alam, R. (2024, January 4). Normalization vs Standardization Explained. Medium. https://towardsdatascience.com/normalization-vs-standardization-explained-209e84d0f81e
  2. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Committee on Terminology. (1953). Review and resume; Accounting Terminology Bulletins, no. 1. American Institute of Accountants. https://egrove.olemiss.edu/dl_aia/356
  3. Bakker, A., & Gravemeijer, K. P. E. (2006). An Historical Phenomenology of Mean and Median. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 62(2), 149–168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-006-7099-8
  4. Bloomenthal, A. (2024). How Do You Calculate Shareholders’ Equity? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/070615/how-do-you-calculate-shareholder-equity.asp
  5. Boyte-White, C. (2024). Net Income vs. Profit: What’s the Difference? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/122414/net-income-same-profit.asp
  6. Carleo, G., Cirac, I., Cranmer, K., Daudet, L., Schuld, M., Tishby, N., Vogt-Maranto, L., & Zdeborová, L. (2019). Machine learning and the physical sciences. Reviews of Modern Physics, 91(4), 045002. https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.91.045002
  7. Corporate Finance Institute, T. (2025). Shareholder Equity Ratio. Corporate Finance Institute. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/valuation/shareholder-equity-ratio/
  8. Dabbura, I. (2022, September 27). K-means Clustering: Algorithm, Applications, Evaluation Methods, and Drawbacks. Medium. https://towardsdatascience.com/k-means-clustering-algorithm-applications-evaluation-methods-and-drawbacks-aa03e644b48a
  9. Deegan, C. (2019). Financial Accounting 9E. https://www.mheducation.com.au/financial-accounting-9e-9781743767382-aus-group
  10. Eurostat. (2024). Stock of vehicles at regional level. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Stock_of_vehicles_at_regional_level
  11. Fatima, R. (2024). Fixed Assets vs Current Assets: Differences and Examples. EZO.Io. https://ezo.io/ezofficeinventory/blog/fixed-assets-vs-current-assets/
  12. Fistung, F. D., Popescu, T., & Sima, C. (2015). Interferences between Sustainable Mobility and Economic Development in Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 22, 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00224-5
  13. Florescu, I., CRISTACHE, S., Apostu, S., & ROTARU, F. (2018). Modeling Elements in the Passenger Transport in Romania. Journal of Eastern Europe Research in Business and Economics, 2018, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5171/2018.219618
  14. Frayudha, A. D., & Agung, H. (2024). Power BI and SQL Server Dashboard Data for Monitor Transportation Presence Employees at PT PON Gresik. MATICS: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer Dan Teknologi Informasi (Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology), 16(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.18860/mat.v16i1.24149
  15. Ganti, A. (2024). Median: What It Is and How to Calculate It, With Examples. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/median.asp
  16. Greenacre, M., Groenen, P. J. F., Hastie, T., D’Enza, A. I., Markos, A., & Tuzhilina, E. (2022). Principal component analysis. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 2(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00184-w
  17. Gültekin, H. (2023, September 7). What is Silhouette Score? Medium. https://medium.com/@hazallgultekin/what-is-silhouette-score-f428fb39bf9a
  18. Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., & Friedman, J. (2009). Unsupervised Learning. In T. Hastie, R. Tibshirani, & J. Friedman (Eds.), The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data Mining, Inference, and Prediction (pp. 485–585). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7_14
  19. Hayes, A. (2024a). Gross Profit: What It Is & How to Calculate It. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/grossprofit.asp
  20. Hayes, A. (2024b). Liability: Definition, Types, Example, and Assets vs. Liabilities. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/liability.asp
  21. Hou, W., & Ji, Z. (2024). Comparing Large Language Models and Human Programmers for Generating Programming Code. Advanced Science, n/a(n/a), 2412279. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202412279
  22. Isai, V., & Radu, R. I. (2013). Study About The Road Transportation Costs And Fiscality In The Romanian Companies. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ddj/fserec/y2013p149-156.html
  23. Jordan, M. I., & Mitchell, T. M. (2015). Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects. Science, 349(6245), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa8415
  24. Kenton, W. (2024). What Is Turnover in Business, and Why Is It Important? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/turnover.asp
  25. Lachev, T., & Price, E. (2018). Applied Microsoft Power BI (3rd Edition): Bring your data to life! (3rd ed.). Prologika Press.
  26. Lista Firme. (2025). Romanian database website for companies. Romanian Database Website for Companies. https://www.listafirme.ro/
  27. Livingston, E. H. (2004). The mean and standard deviation: What does it all mean? Journal of Surgical Research, 119(2), 117–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2004.02.008
  28. Marin, G., & Olaru, M. (2015). Modal Strategic Decisions in Transport and their Role in Sustainable Development: An Example from Romania. Procedia Economics and Finance, 32, 657–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01446-X
  29. Nickolas, S. (2024a). Current Assets vs. Fixed Assets: What’s the Difference? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032415/what-difference-between-current-assets-and-fixed-assets.asp
  30. Nickolas, S. (2024b). Current Assets vs. Noncurrent Assets: What’s the Difference? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/042915/what-difference-between-current-andnoncurrent-assets.asp
  31. Pauwels, K., Ambler, T., Clark, B. H., LaPointe, P., Reibstein, D., Skiera, B., Wierenga, B., & Wiesel, T. (2009). Dashboards as a Service: Why, What, How, and What Research Is Needed? Journal of Service Research, 12(2), 175–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670509344213
  32. Popescu, T., & Fistung, F. D. (2015). Freight Transports in Romania, between Desires and Achievements. Past, Present and Future. Procedia Economics and Finance, 22, 304–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00291-9
  33. Raicu, S., Popa, M., & Costescu, D. (2022). Uncertainties Influencing Transportation System Performances. Sustainability, 14(13), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137660
  34. Reddy, C. S., Sangam, R. S., & Srinivasa Rao, B. (2019). A Survey on Business Intelligence Tools for Marketing, Financial, and Transportation Services. In S. C. Satapathy, V. Bhateja, & S. Das (Eds.), Smart Intelligent Computing and Applications (pp. 495–504). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1927-3_53
  35. Rothengatter, W. (2011). Economic Crisis and Consequences for the Transport Sector. In W. Rothengatter, Y. Hayashi, & W. Schade (Eds.), Transport Moving to Climate Intelligence: New Chances for Controlling Climate Impacts of Transport after the Economic Crisis (pp. 9–28). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7643-7_2
  36. Saxena, A., Prasad, M., Gupta, A., Bharill, N., Patel, O. P., Tiwari, A., Er, M. J., Ding, W., & Lin, C.-T. (2017). A review of clustering techniques and developments. Neurocomputing, 267, 664–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.06.053
  37. Srinath, K. R. (2017). Python – The Fastest Growing Programming Language. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Python-%E2%80%93-The-Fastest-Growing-Programming-Language-Srinath/72dbcf413ded66553a27eefe6f6a1acef494bdbd
  38. Xu, Y. (2024). A Study on the Application of Python in Corporate Financial Analysis. Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management, 15(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.54097/rpvnm638
Language: English
Page range: 556 - 569
Published on: Jul 24, 2025
Published by: Bucharest University of Economic Studies
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2025 Gabriel Dumitrescu, Adrian Domenteanu, Elena Gabriela Dobre, Camelia Delcea, published by Bucharest University of Economic Studies
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.