Malcolm, C. (2006). Japanese Tourism and the SARS Epidemic of 2003, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 19:2-3, 117-131, DOI: 10.1300/J073v19n0210.10.1300/J073v19n02_10
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (2020) 旅行・観光消費動向調査 (Survey over Travel and Tourism Consumption Tendency), Retrieved from https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001344254.pdf.
Travel Voice (11 March 2020). 政府、新型コロナ緊急策第2弾で「観光業を強力に下支え」、雇用・資金繰り対策や受入整備事業などで (The Japanese government supports the tourism industry under the second emergency package against the novel coronavirus), Retrieved from https://www.travelvoice.jp/20200311-145655.