Effect of Patulin Poisoning on TNF-α Levels in Mouse Livers
References
- Bouhet S., Oswald, I.P. The effects of mycotoxins, fungal food contaminants, on the intestinal epithelial cell-derived innate immune response. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2005, 108, 199–209.
- Santini A., Raiola A., Meca G., Ritieni A. Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Trichotecenes, Patulin, Fumonisins and Beauvericin in Finished Products for Human Consumption. J. Clin. Toxicol. 2015, 5, 4, 2-11.
- Wróbel B. Zagrożenia zwierząt i ludzi toksynami grzybów pleśniowych zawartych w paszach i żywności. Woda-Środowisko- Obszary Wiejskie. 2014, 14, 159-176.
- Puel O, Galtier P, Oswald IP. Biosynthesis and Toxicological Effects of Patulin. Toxins. 2010;2(4):613-31.
- Bennet J W, K lich M. Mycotox ins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003;16(3):497-516.
- Chełkowski J. Mikotoksyny, grzyby toksynotwórcze i mikotoksykozy. http://www.cropnet.pl/dbases/mycotoxins.pdf.pl/download. 2010, accessed 2010 June 20].
- Wilson DM, Mubatanhema W, Jurjevic Z. Biology and ecology of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species as related to economic and health concerns. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2002;504:1-17.
- Tolosa J, Rodriguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ, Vila-Donat P. Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in feed, metabolism and carry-over to animal-derived food products: A review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2021, 158, 112661.
- Abia WA, Warth B, Sulyok M, Krska R, Tchana A, Njobeh PB, et al. Bio-monitoring of mycotoxin exposure in Cameroon using a urinary multibiomarker approach. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013, 62, 927-34.
- Balas J. Mikotoksyny jako źródło zanieczyszczeń żywności pochodzenia roślinnego Postępy Fitoterapii 2006, 2, 98-104.
- Grajewski J. Mikotoksyny i grzyby pleśniowe. Zagrożenie dla człowieka i zwierząt .Bydgoszcz. Wydaw. UKW. 2006, 201.
- Jarzynka S., Dąbkowska M., Netsvyetayeva I., Swoboda-Kopeć E. Mikotoksyny – niebezpieczne metabolity grzybów pleśniowych Medycyna Rodzinna 2010, 4, 113-119
- Kurpińska-Jaworska, J., Ledzion E., Szczęsna M., Karłowski K. Postupolski J., Rybińska K. Nowe przepisy Unii Europejskiej w zakresie patulin Roczn. PZH. 2003, 54, 4, 355–361.
- Rozporządzenie Komisji Wspólnoty Europejskiej NR 1881/2006 z dnia 19 grudnia 2006 r. ustalające najwyższe dopuszczalne poziomy niektórych zanieczyszczeń w środkach spożywczych. L364 5-24.
- Szymczyk K., Szteke B., Goszcz H. Występowanie patuliny w krajowych sokach jabłowych. Roczn. PZH. 2004, 55, 3, 255-260.
- Iqbal SZ, Waseem M, Abdull Razis AF, Bhatti IA, Khaneghah AM, Mohammed OA, Lakshminarayanan SP, Iqbal M. Mycotoxin patulin contamination in various fruits and estimating its dietary impact on the consumers: From orchard to table. Heliyon. 2024 Apr 28;10(10):e30252. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30252. PMID: 38778946; PMCID: PMC11109727.
- Mahfoud R, Maresca M, Garmy N, Fantini J. The mycotoxin patulin alters the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium: mechanism of action of the toxin and protective effects of glutathione. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002;15,181(3):209-18.
- Maresca M, Yahi N, Younès-Sakr L, Boyron M, Caporiccio B, Fantini J. Both direct and indirect effects account for the pro-inflammatory activity of enteropathogenic mycotoxins on the human intestinal epithelium: Stimulation of interleukin-8 secretion, potentiation of interleukin- 1beta effect and increase in the transepithelial passage of commensal bacteria. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2008;228:84-92.
- Arzu Koçkaya E, Selmanoğlu G, Ozsoy N, Gül N. Evaluation of patulin toxicity in the thymus of growing male rats. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2009;60:411-8.
- Rassam F, Olthof PB, Takkenberg B, Besselink MG, Busch OR, Erdmann JI, Swijnenburg RJ, van Lienden KP, Beuers UH, Bennink RJ, van Gulik TM. Functional assessment of liver regeneration after major hepatectomy. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2022;11(4):530-538. doi: 10.21037/hbsn-20-866.
- Nagwa M, El-Sawi NM, Gashlan HM, Younes SH, Al-Massabi RF, Shaker S. Biochemical and histological studies on the effect of the Patulin mycotoxin on male rats’ liver and treatment by crude venom extracted from jelly fish. Life Sci J. 2012;9(4):1143-53.
- Song E, Xia X, Su C, Dong W, Xian Y, Wang W, et al. Hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity of patulin in mice, and its modulation by green tea polyphenols administration. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;71:122-7.
- Panichi V., Migliori M., De Pietro S. C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels are related to renal function in predialytic chronic renal failure. Nephron. 2002, 91, 4, 594-600.
- Sikorska D., Szkudlarek M., Kłysz P., Hoppe K., Schwermer K., Olewicz-Gawlik A., Samborski P., Baum E., Simachowiczolszowy A., Krupa D., Czekalski S., Pawlaczyk K., Oko A. Przekrojowa ocena związku między stadium przewlekłej choroby nerek a wskaźnikami przewlekłego stanu zapalnego i wybranymi wskaźnikami zmian w układzie sercowo-naczyniowym Nowiny Lekarskie 2013, 82, 3, 197–203.
- Simon-Nobbe B., Denk U., Pöll V., Rid R., Breitenbach M. The spectrum of fungal allergy.Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. 2008, 145, 1, 58-86.
- Ozsoy N., Selmanoğlu G., Koçkaya E.A., Gül N., Cebesoy S. Effect of patulin on the interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs) of rat thymus. Cell Biochem. Funct. 2008, 26, 2, 192-196.
- Brand, B.; Stoye, N.M.; dos Santos Guilherme, M.; Nguyen, V.T.T.; Baumgaertner, J.C.; Schüffler, A.; Thines, E.; Endres, K. Identification of Patulin from Penicillium coprobium as a Toxin for Enteric Neurons. Molecules 2019, 24, 2776. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152776
- Breit, S.; Kupferberg, A.; Rogler, G.; Hasler, G. Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain-Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2018, 9, 44.
- Selmanoglu, G. Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of patulin in growing male rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2006, 44, 2019–2024.
- Selmanoglu, G., Kockaya E.A. Investigation of the effects of patulin on thyroid and testis, and hormone levels in growing male rats. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004, 42, 721–727.
- Schütze N., Lehmann I., Bönisch U., Simon J.C., Polte T. Exposure to mycotoxins increases the allergic immune response in a murine asthma model. J. Respir..Crit Care Med. 2010, 11, 1188-1199.
- Schumacher D.M., Wagner, J., Metzler, M., Lehmann, L. Influence of decreased intracellular glutathione level on the mutagenicity of patulin in cultured mouse lymphoma cells. Mycotoxin Res. 2005, 21, 150–152.
- Schumacher D.M., Metzler M., Lehmann, L. Mutagenicity of the mycotoxin patulin in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells, and its modulation by intracellular glutathione. Arch. Toxicol. 2005, 79, 110–121.
- Liu B.H., Yu F.Y., Wu T.S., Li S.Y. Su M.C.,Wang, M.C., Shih, S.M. Evaluation of genotoxic risk and oxidative DNA damage in mammalian cells exposed to mycotoxins, patulin and citrinin. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2003, 191, 255–263.
- Doi K., Uetsuka K. Mechanisms of Mycotoxin-induced Dermal Toxicity and Tumorigenesis Through Oxidative Stress-related Pathways.J.Toxicol.Pathol. 2014, 27,1, 1-10.
- Lei WL, Li YY, Hou Y, Liu C, Qian WP, Sun QY, Zhang CH. Toxic effects of patulin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. Toxicology. 2021 Dec;464:153013. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153013. Epub 2021 Oct 27. PMID: 34718031.
- Pillay Y, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon A. Patulin Alters Insulin Signaling and Metabolic Flexibility in HepG2 and HEK293 Cells. Toxins (Basel). 2023 Mar 27;15(4):244. doi: 10.3390/toxins15040244. PMID: 37104182; PMCID: PMC10145496.
- Baigang Zhang, Chenghui Huang, Dongmei Xu, Ke Huang, Yang Li, Lu Jiao, Binggang Fu, Subing Li, Yi Li, Patulin induces ROS-dependent cardiac cell toxicity by inducing DNA damage and activating endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptotic pathway,Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 269, 2024, 115784,ISSN 0147-6513, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115784.
- Scheller J, Ohnesorge N, Rose-John S. Interleukin-6 trans-signalling in chronic inflammation and cancer. Scand J Immunol. 2006;63:321-9.
- Wichmann G, Herbarth O, Lehmann I. The mycotoxins citrinin, gliotoxin, and patulin affect interferon-gamma rather than interleukin-4 production in human blood cells. Environ Toxicol. 2002;17:211-8.
- Bondy G..S, Pestka J.J. Immunomodulation by fungal toxins.J Toxicol Environ. Health. 2000,3, 2, 109-43.
- Gulcubuk A, Altunatmaz K, Sonmez K, Haktanir-Yatkin D, Uzun H, Gurel A, et al. Effects of curcumin on tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the late phase of experimental acute pancreatitis. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2006, 53(1), 49-54.
- Voltan R, Secchiero P, Casciano F, Milani D, Zauli G, Tisato V. Redox signaling and oxidative stress: Cross talk with TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand activity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016, 81(Pt B), 364-74.
- Gołąb J., Jakóbisiak M., Lasek W., Stokłosa T. Immunologia. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. Warszawa 2012: 194.
- Korobowicz A. Biologia czynnika martwicy nowotworów typu alfa (TNF-α). Pol. Merk. Lek. 2006,21,124, 358-361.
- Theiss A.,L, Simmons J.,G., Jobin C., Lund P.K. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha increases collagen accumulation and proliferation in intestinal myofibroblasts via TNF receptor 2. J Biol Chem. 2005, 28 280, 43, 36099-36109.
- Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej. L50/8 z 27.02.2010.
- Gashlan H.M. .Biochemical Studies of Patulin on Liver Functions in Male Albino Mice. J. Apple. Anim. Res. 2008, 34, 1, 93-96.
- Walusia J., Gutarowska B., Żakowska Z., Pałczyński C. Grzyby Pleśniowe w środowisku komunalnym i w miejscu pracy – istotne zagrożenie zdrowotne. Medycyna Pracy. 2004, 55, 3, 257-266.
- Al-Hazmi M. A. Patulin in apple juice and its risk assessments on albino mice. Toxicol Ind Health July. 2014, 30, 6, 534-545.
- Glaser N., Stopper H. Patulin: Mechanism of genotoxicity.Food Chem. Toxicol. 2012, 50,5, 1796-1801.
- Grajewski J., Twarużek M.: Zdrowotne aspekty oddziaływania grzybów pleśniowych i mikotoksyn. Alergia. 2004, 3, 45-49.
- Pfeiffer E., Diwald T.T., Metzler M. Patulin reduces glutathione level and enzyme activities in rat liver slices. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2005, 49, 4, 329-336.
- Alves, I., Oliveira N.G., Laires, A., Rodrigues A.S., Rueff, J. Induction of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations by the mycotoxin patulin in mammalian cells: role of ascorbic acid as a modulator of patulin clastogenicity. Mutagenesis 2000, 15, 229–234.
- Wu T.S., Yang J.J., Yu F.Y., Liu B.H. Evaluation of nephrotoxic effects of mycotoxins, citrinin and patulin, on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos.Food Chem. Toxicol. 2012, 50, 12, 4398-4404.
- Luft, P., Oostingh, G.J., Gruijthuijsen, Y., Horejs-Hoeck, J., Lehmann, I., Duschl A. Patulin Influences the Expression of Th1/Th2 Cytokines by Activated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and T Cells Through Depletion of Intracellular Glutathione. Environ. Toxicol. 2008, 23, 84–95.
- Puel, O., Tadrist, S., Delaforge, M., Oswald, I.P., Lebrihi, A. The inability of Byssochlamys fulva to produce patulin is related to absence of 6- methylsalicylic acid synthase and isoepoxydon dehydrogenase genes. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007, 115, 131–139.
- Court F.G., Wemyss-Holden S.A., Dennison A.R., Maddern G.J. The mystery of liver regeneration. Br. J.Surg. 2002, 89,1089-1095.
- Fausto N. Liver regeneration. J. Hepatol. 2000, 32, 19-31.
- Rozga J. Hepatocyte proliferation in health and in liver failure. Med. Sci. Monit. 2002, 8, 32-38.
- Gallucci R.M., Simeonova P.P., Toriumi W., Luster M.I. TNF-alpha regulates transforming growth factor-alpha expression in regenerating murine liver and isolated hepatocytes. J. Immunol. 2000, 164, 872-878.
- Taub R. Hepatoprotection via the IL-6/Stat3 pathway. J. Clin. Invest. 2003,112, 978-980.
- Zimmers T.A., Mckillop I.H., Pierce R.H., Yoo J.Y., Koniaris L.G. Massive liver growth in mice induced by systemic interleukin 6 administration. Hepatology. 2003, 38, 326-334.
- Bansal M.B., Kovalovich K., Gupta R., Li W., Agarwal A., Radbill B., Alvarez C.E., Safadi R., Fiel M.I., Friedman S.L., Taub R.A. Interleukin-6 protects hepatocytes from CCl(4)-mediated necrosis and apoptosis in mice by reducing MMP-2 expression. J. Hepatol. 2005, 42, 548-556.
Language: English
Page range: 119 - 130
Submitted on: Feb 21, 2026
Accepted on: Mar 12, 2026
Published on: Aug 29, 2026
Published by: Polish Hyperbaric Medicine and Technology Society
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 A. Radzka-Pogoda, P. Borzęcki, B. Nieradko-Iwanicka, Andrzej Borzęcki, Agata Smoleń, published by Polish Hyperbaric Medicine and Technology Society
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.