Tab. 1:
Points for daylight floor area – sDA for schools, LEED v4 (Elkhapery et al. 2021).
| sDA (for regularly occupied floor area) | Points |
|---|---|
| 55% | 2 |
| 75% | 3 |
Fig. 1:
The research methodology. LEED v4, Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design.
Fig. 2:
The plan layout of the studied school building (case study).
Fig. 3:
Revit model of school building (as case study).
Fig. 4:
School building orientation and sun path (case study).
Fig. 5:
School building GRC façade (3D Revit model).
Fig. 6:
Natural lighting distribution simulation results obtained with the use of Revit (Insight plug-in).
Tab. 2:
Daylight illuminance values according to the simulation results.
| Classroom No. | Area (m2) | Windows’ properties | Daylight illuminance (Lux) | Compliance with LEED v4 requirements | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L (m) | H (m) | Orien. | Nr./room | ||||
| Assiss. room 1 | 16.79 | 1.80 | 1.40 | South | 1 | 468.23 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| Assiss. room 2 | 16.79 | 1.80 | 1.40 | South | 1 | 468.14 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C1 | 39.18 | 3.60 | 1.40 | South | 1 | 426.24 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C11 | 39.18 | 3.60 | 1.40 | East | 1 | 396.25 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C12 | 35.05 | 3.60 | 1.40 | East | 1 | 389.35 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C10 | 37.52 | 3.60 | 1.40 | East | 1 | 375.66 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| Teachers’ room | 42.87 | 3.60 | 1.40 | East | 1 | 362.87 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C3 | 39.43 | 3.60 | 1.40 | South | 1 | 297.53 | <300 Lux |
| C7 | 39.43 | 3.60 | 1.40 | West | 1 | 238.11 | <300 Lux |
| C5 | 42.87 | 3.60 | 1.40 | West | 1 | 237.70 | <300 Lux |
| C6 | 39.43 | 3.60 | 1.40 | West | 1 | 236.19 | <300 Lux |
| C4 | 42.87 | 3.60 | 1.40 | West | 1 | 231.92 | <300 Lux |
| C2 | 39.48 | 1.20 | 1.40 | South | 1 | 214.49 | <300 Lux |
| C8 | 39.96 | 3.60 | 1.40 | North | 1 | 67.25 | <300 Lux |
| School’s shop | 53.07 | 3.60 | 1.40 | West | 8 | 47.91 | <300 Lux |
| C9 | 39.48 | 3.60 | 1.40 | North | 1 | 44.40 | <300 Lux |
| Supervisor room | 39.48 | 3.60 | 1.40 | S/W | 1 | 43.01 | <300 Lux |
| Headmaster room | 39.96 | 3.60 | 1.40 | S/W | 1 | 40.22 | <300 Lux |
| Main hall | 173.52 | - | - | - | - | 32.51 | <300 Lux |
| W.C. students | 39.48 | 0.90 | 0.50 | S/W | 1 | 21.74 | <300 Lux |
| W.C. teachers | 53.55 | 0.90 | 0.50 | East | 4 | 17.12 | <300 Lux |
Fig. 7:
Natural lighting distribution simulation results using Revit (Insight plug-in) after modification of windows’ sizes.
Fig. 8:
Natural daylight availability percentage according to LEED v4 threshold. LEED v4, Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design.
Tab. 3:
Daylight illuminance values (after modification of window dimensions).
| Classroom No. | Area (m2) | Windows’ properties (modified) | New daylight illuminance (Lux) | Illuminance percentage increased (%) | Compliance with LEED v4 requirements | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L (m) | H (m) | Increased percentage of window area (%) | |||||
| Assiss. room 1 | 16.79 | 2.30 | 1.90 | 73.4 | 745.11 | 59.13 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| Assiss. room 2 | 16.79 | 2.30 | 1.90 | 73.4 | 745.11 | 59.16 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C1 | 39.18 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 630.81 | 47.99 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C11 | 39.18 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 574.73 | 45.04 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C12 | 35.05 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 554.79 | 42.49 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C10 | 37.52 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 525.85 | 39.98 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| Teachers’ room | 42.87 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 510.05 | 40.56 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C3 | 39.43 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 357.45 | 20.14 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C7 | 39.43 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 354.33 | 48.81 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C5 | 42.87 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 342.98 | 44.29 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C6 | 39.43 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 342.40 | 44.97 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C4 | 42.87 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 328.63 | 41.70 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| C2 | 39.48 | 1.70 | 1.90 | 92.2 | 312.51 | 45.70 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| W.C. teachers | 53.55 | 0.90 | 0.50 | 0 | 301.20 | 347.88 | Within 300–3,000 Lux |
| 1.00 | 1.90 | 422 | |||||
| C8 | 39.96 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 81.24 | 69.57 | <300 Lux |
| School’s shop | 53.07 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 61.03 | 37.45 | <300 Lux |
| C9 | 39.48 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 59.88 | 39.22 | <300 Lux |
| Supervisor room | 39.48 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 45.50 | 13.13 | <300 Lux |
| Headmaster room | 39.96 | 4.10 | 1.90 | 54.6 | 35.93 | 10.52 | <300 Lux |
| Main hall | 173.52 | 4.10 | 1.90 | New window | 22.16 | 1.93 | <300 Lux |
| W.C. students | 39.48 | 0.90 | 0.50 | 0 | 17.12 | 0.00 | <300 Lux |
Fig. 9:
Natural daylight availability percentage according to basic layout design.
Fig. 10:
Natural daylight availability percentage after window dimension modification.
Fig. 11:
Revit rendering of natural lighting of classroom C2, for window dimensions: (A) 1.40 m x 1.20 m and (B) 1.90 m x 1.70 m; an increase of 92% is performed in the area.
Fig. 12:
Revit rendering of natural lighting of teachers’ water closet, for the window dimensions: (A) 0.50 m x 0.90 m and (B) 1.50 m x 1.00 m; an increase of 422% is performed in the area.