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Figures & Tables

Fig. 1:

The chosen factors and their classification.
The chosen factors and their classification.

Fig. 2:

The academic qualification of responses.
The academic qualification of responses.

Fig. 3:

The practical experience.
The practical experience.

Fig. 4:

The factors and their affection percentage on constructability.
The factors and their affection percentage on constructability.

The three levels of the collected data_

Main categoriesSub-categoryFactorsDescriptionReference
Design attributesStandardisation and repetitionPrefabricationPrecast concrete, prefabricated utility products, prefabricated MEP, etc.Boton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), Zhang et al. (2016), and Khan (2019)
Grid layout(Horizontal/vertical/radial) grid dimensions, a repeated grid layout will lead to faster construction sequencesBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Standard dimensionsDimensions for door, windows, partitions, tiles, etc.Boton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
EconomicComponent flexibilityFlexibility of movement of internal partitions (fixed/mobile)Boton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Resources availabilityVarious resources such as building material, labour, and equipment can be approached, hired, and put to work for the execution of the projectBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), Zhang et al. (2016), and Shash and Almufadhi (2021)
Labour skillsAvailability of special labour skillsBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Team expertiseThe project team must be selected based on their experience knowledge and skills requirement for the projectShash and Almufadhi (2021)
Application of advance information technologyAdoption of latest and modern computerised means of technology for the projectKhan (2019)
Coordination or communicationCoordination and communication among team members (builder and designer, site staff)Khan (2019) and Yoon et al. (2018)
Simplification of DesignDesigns considered efficient constructionKhan (2019), Shash and Almufadhi (2021)
Construction methodologyMajor construction method options, in the project’s design phaseShash and Almufadhi (2021)
Structure systemStructural frame typesSteel frame, concrete frame, wood frameYoon et al. (2018)
Roof typesGable, hip, Dutch, etc.Yoon et al. (2018)
Slab typesConventional, flat, waffle slabsYoon et al. (2018)
Structural reinforcement scopeThe design and type of reinforcementYoon et al. (2018)
High-strength concrete applicationThe usage of high-strength concreteYoon et al. (2018)
Construction attributesSpaceMaterial accessSpace for material storage and transportation on siteBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Personnel accessAccessibility of personnel for different site locationsBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Equipment accessAccessibility of equipment and tools for and from different site locationsBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
InstallationConstruction sequenceSequence of installation of componentsBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Time under groundConstruction time under ground levelBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Building envelopeConstruction of the whole building envelopeBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), Zhang et al. (2016), and Yoon et al. (2018)
Weather effectEffect of climate conditions on construction workBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), Zhang et al. (2016), Khan (2019), and Yoon et al. (2018)
SafetyEffect of construction sequence of workers’ safetyBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), Zhang et al. (2016), and Yoon et al. (2018)
Waste management and appraisal recyclingOrganise and regulate the waste and convert waste into reusable productsKhan (2019)
Encouragement to innovationsPromotion of new ideas, the projects constructability can be enhanced using innovation ideas during the construction stageKhan (2019)
Document controlSpecificationsThe projects constructability can be enhanced by developing transparent specificationsKhan (2019)
Simplification of technical specificationsDetailed description of technical requirement in terms of suitability for design development of an itemKhan (2019)
Qualifications, feedback and improvement in constructionThe projects constructability can be enhanced by utilising the lesson-learned databases and best-practices for other projectsShash and Almufadhi (2021)
Inspections and site meetingsQuality of inspections and site meetings, level of knowledge sharing and capturing project objectives in accordance with client objectivesKotze and Wium (2019)
External impactsUtility availabilityGovernment facilitiesAvailability of governmental facilities like electrical and infrastructure servicesBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Road-use abilityApplicability of public roads for transportationBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
Site impactAdjacent siteEffect of current construction on adjacent constructionsBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
InfrastructuresEffect of current construction on adjacent or nearby infrastructure constructionsBoton (2018), Hijazi et al. (2009), and Zhang et al. (2016)
OtherCorporate objectivesUnderstand the project objectives as well as the client’s objectivesShash and Almufadhi (2021)
Bidding processThe type of bid (design–build/ design–bid–build)Khan (2019) and Yoon et al. (2018)
Construction-driven scheduleThe schedules are prepared in the construction projects to keep a check on the various design and construction activitiesKhan (2019) and Shash and Almufadhi (2021)

Summary of the open questionnaire (expert samples)_

InstitutesNo. of interviewsJob tittle
Mayoralty of Baghdad52 Senior chief engineer, senior associate engineers, chief engineer, senior engineer
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research1Senior university lecturer
Ministry of Construction, Housing, Municipalities, and Public Works4Senior chief engineer, chief engineer, senior chief engineer, senior associate engineers
The new Central Bank of Iraq project4Project manager, consultant, chief engineer, site engineer

The values of mean, standard deviation and Cronbach’s alpha_

Categories, sub-categories and factorsMeanStandard deviationCronbach’s alpha
Design attributes4.05560.714920.963
Construction attributes3.63890.761680.962
External impacts3.27780.881920.963
Standardisation and repetition3.55560.843270.963
Economic40.861890.963
Structure system3.66670.792820.962
Space3.55560.939440.962
Installation3.63890.866940.962
Document control3.47220.909820.963
Utility availability3.50.878310.962
Site impact3.72221.003170.962
Other factors30.925820.962
Prefabrication3.55560.843270.963
Grid layout3.61110.728120.963
Standard dimensions3.36110.833330.963
Component flexibility3.41670.603560.963
Resources availability3.94440.753830.963
Labour skills4.05560.753830.962
Team expertise4.11110.854490.962
Application of advance information technology3.61110.802770.963
Coordination or communication3.91670.906330.962
Simplification of design3.94440.826160.962
construction methodology3.83330.878310.963
High strength concrete application3.33330.792820.962
Structural frames types3.69440.855890.962
Material access3.58330.769970.961
Personnel access3.63890.990030.961
Equipment access3.72220.881920.962
Construction sequence3.66671.014190.962
Time under ground3.55560.908510.962
Building envelope3.250.874230.962
Weather effect3.36111.073120.962
Safety3.750.996420.962
Waste management and appraisal recycling3.251.105180.962
Encouragement to innovations3.22221.098340.962
Specifications3.88890.784780.961
Simplification of technical specifications3.80560.855890.961
Qualifications, feedback and improvement in construction3.55560.772540.962
Inspections and site meetings3.52780.909820.962
Government facilities3.86110.866940.962
Road-use ability3.72220.881920.962
Adjacent site3.44440.734630.962
Infrastructures3.55560.772540.962
Corporate objectives3.61110.837610.962
Bidding process3.63890.899290.962
Construction-driven schedule3.72220.84890.962

The relative weights and developed weights_

Main categoriesRelative weightSub-categoryRelative weightFactorsRelative weightDecomposed weight
Design attributes0.370Standardisation and repetition0.317Prefabrication0.3380.040
Grid layout0.3430.040
Standard dimensions0.3190.037
Economic0.356Component flexibility0.1110.015
Resources availability0.1280.017
Labour skills0.1320.017
Team expertise0.1330.018
Application of advance Information Technology0.1170.015
Coordination or communication0.1270.017
Simplification of Design0.1280.017
Construction methodology0.1240.0 16
Structure system0.327Structural frames types0.5260.063
High-strength concrete application0.4740.057
Construction attributes0.332Space0.333Material access0.3270.036
Personnel access0.3320.037
Equipment access0.3400.038
Installation0.341Construction sequence0.1520.017
Time under ground0.1480.017
Building envelope0.1350.015
Weather effect0.1400.016
Safety0.1560.018
Waste management and appraisal recycling0.1350.015
Encouragement to innovations0.1340.015
Document control0.326Specifications0.2630.028
Simplification of technical specifications0.2580.028
Qualifications, feedback and improvement in construction0.2410.026
Inspections and site meetings0.2390.026
External impacts0.299Utility availability0.342Government facilities0.5090.052
Road-use ability0.4910.050
Site impact0.364Adjacent site0.4920.054
Infrastructures0.5080.055
Other factors0.293Corporate objectives0.3290.029
Bidding process0.3320.029
Construction-driven schedule0.3390.030
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/otmcj-2024-0002 | Journal eISSN: 1847-6228 | Journal ISSN: 1847-5450
Language: English
Page range: 27 - 37
Submitted on: Oct 14, 2022
Accepted on: May 23, 2023
Published on: Mar 1, 2024
Published by: University of Zagreb
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year

© 2024 Ola Abdulhussein Ahmed, Ahmed Mohammed Raoof Mahjoob, published by University of Zagreb
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.