Fig. 1
Fig. 2
The impact interval defined by Kazaz et al_ (2012)
| Impact intervals | Given name |
|---|---|
| 0.00–0.80 | Not important |
| 0.81–1.60 | Somewhat important |
| 1.61–2.40 | Important |
| 2.41–3.20 | Very important |
| 3.21–4.00 | Extremely important |
Major quality factors and their aggregate impact in Denmark
| Country | The major quality factors | RII |
|---|---|---|
| Denmark | *Errors or omissions in construction work | 0.688 |
| *Inexperienced or newly qualified consultants | 0.678 | |
| *Political focus on reduced project costs or time | 0.644 | |
| *Unsettled or lack of project planning | 0.642 | |
| *Errors or inconsistencies in project documents | 0.641 | |
| Aggregate RII | 0.659 | |
Major delay factors and their aggregate impact in Denmark
| Country | The major delay factors | RII |
|---|---|---|
| Denmark | *Unsettled or lack of project funding | 0.774 |
| *Delayed or long process times by other authorities | 0.739 | |
| *Unsettled or lack of project planning | 0.712 | |
| *Errors or omissions in construction work | 0.694 | |
| *Lack of identification of needs | 0.690 | |
| Aggregate RII | 0.722 |
The aggregate impacts of the three variables (MDF, MCF and MQF) and their impact intervals for the selected countries
| Countries | Aggregate RII of MDF | Impact interval | Aggregate RII of MCF | Impact interval | Aggregate RII of MQF | Impact interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark | 0.722 | (0.60–0.8] | 0.721 | (0.60–0.8] | 0.659 | (0.60–0.8] |
| Gaza Strip | 0.902 | (0.80–1.0] | 0.856 | (0.8–1.0] | 0.851 | (0.80–1.0] |
| Nigeria | 0.87 | (0.8–1.0] | 0.8503 | (0.8–1.0] | 0.7932 | (0.60–0.8] |
The major construction delay, cost overrun and quality factors and their associated RII, average RII and aggregate RII in the case of Nigeria
| Country | RII in the view of different stakeholders | Average RII (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Architect's | Engineer's | Surveyor's | Builder's | |||
| Nigeria | Major quality factors | |||||
| Poor quality of materials delivered to site | 82.4 | 84.55 | 85.00 | 81.82 | 83.44 | |
| Low level of skill and labour experience | 80.74 | 78.18 | 70.00 | 81.82 | 77.69 | |
| Poor inspection and testing | 79.29 | 80.91 | 85.00 | 82.22 | 81.86 | |
| Poor site installation procedure | 79.29 | 69.09 | 82.50 | 74.55 | 76.36 | |
| Lack of quality assurance | 75.71 | 73.36 | 80.00 | 80.00 | 77.27 | |
| Aggregate RII | 79.32 | |||||
| Major delay factors | RII (%) | |||||
| Cash flow problem | 90 | |||||
| Shortage of construction materials | 89 | |||||
| Client's financial difficulty | 86 | |||||
| Inadequate consultant experience | 85 | |||||
| Incompetent project team | 85 | |||||
| Aggregate RII | 87 | |||||
| Major cost overrun factors | RII (%) | |||||
| Risk and uncertainty related factors | 89.5 | |||||
| Lack of financial power of client | 88.5 | |||||
| Weak regulation and control | 88.2 | |||||
| Corruption | 82.6 | |||||
| Variation of prices | 81.3 | |||||
| Indiscriminate change in design/work | 80.1 | |||||
| Aggregate RII | 85.03 | |||||
The impact interval defined by Fashina et al_ (2021)
| Impact intervals | Given name |
|---|---|
| [0.0–0.2] | Very low |
| (0.2–0.4] | Low |
| (0.4–0.6] | Average |
| (0.6–0.8] | High |
| (0.8–1.0] | Very high |
The major construction delay, cost overrun and quality factors and their associated average and aggregate importance index in Gaza Strip
| Owner | Consultant | Contractor | Overall | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | The major delay factors | RII | |||
| Gaza Strip | *Average delay because of closures leading to materials shortage | 0.941 | 0.896 | 0.943 | 0.927 |
| *Unavailability of resources as planned through the project duration | 0.871 | 0.858 | 0.904 | 0.878 | |
| Aggregate RII | 0.902 | ||||
| The major cost overrun factors | |||||
| *Escalation of material prices | 0.847 | 0.832 | 0.889 | 0.856 | |
| Aggregate RII | 0.856 | ||||
| The major quality factors | |||||
| *Unavailability of personals with high experience and qualification | 0.859 | 0.848 | 0.865 | 0.857 | |
| *Quality of equipment and raw materials in project | 0.835 | 0.84 | 0.861 | 0.845 | |
| Aggregate RII | 0.851 | ||||
Major cost overrun factors and their aggregate impact in Denmark
| Country | The major cost overrun factors | RII |
|---|---|---|
| Denmark | *Errors or omissions in the consultant material | 0.766 |
| *Errors or inconsistencies in project documents | 0.726 | |
| *Late user changes affecting the project or function | 0.717 | |
| *Lack of preliminary examination before design or tendering | 0.700 | |
| *Inexperienced or newly qualified consultants | 0.698 | |
| Aggregate RII | 0.721 | |