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CCSC against their measures of central tendency, dispersion and ranking_
| No. | Challenges of the construction supply chain (CCSC) | Mean | Median | Mode | V | SD | Percentage of respondents scoring | RII | Rank | Final rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | <3 (8) | 3–4 (9) | >4 (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) |
| CCSC (1) | Delayed design process | 4.90 | 5 | 5 | 0.78 | 0.88 | 0 | 3 | 28 | 0.98 | (1) | 1 |
| CCSC (2) | Project design cost overrun | 4.81 | 5 | 5 | 0.75 | 0.86 | 0 | 5 | 26 | 0.96 | (2) | 2 |
| CCSC (3) | Design variations carried out by the architect | 4.71 | 5 | 5 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 1 | 5 | 25 | 0.94 | (3) | 3 |
| CCSC (4) | Skills gap of qualified architects and design managers | 4.65 | 5 | 5 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 1 | 6 | 24 | 0.93 | (4) | 4 |
| CCSC (5) | Tight project design schedule | 4.55 | 5 | 5 | 0.69 | 0.83 | 1 | 7 | 23 | 0.92 | (5) | 5 |
| CCSC (6) | Supplier's rework | 4.52 | 4 | 4 | 0.66 | 0.81 | 2 | 7 | 22 | 0.90 | (6) | 6 |
| CCSC (7) | Design errors and omissions | 4.42 | 4 | 4 | 0.63 | 0.79 | 0 | 17 | 14 | 0.88 | (7) | 7 |
| CCSC (8) | Failure to abide to contracts requirements | 4.32 | 4 | 4 | 0.60 | 0.78 | 0 | 20 | 11 | 0.86 | (8) | 8 |
| CCSC (9) | Inappropriate materials specifications | 4.26 | 4 | 4 | 0.58 | 0.76 | 1 | 19 | 11 | 0.85 | (9) | 9 |
| CCSC (10) | Design changes by the client and other stakeholders at later stages | 4.16 | 4 | 4 | 0.56 | 0.75 | 1 | 20 | 10 | 0.83 | (10) | 10 |
| CCSC (11) | Uncoordinated and incorrect construction documents | 4 | 4 | 4 | 0.52 | 0.72 | 0 | 23 | 8 | 0.80 | (11) | 11 |
| CCSC (12) | Lack of adhering to environmental requirements and regulations | 3.74 | 3 | 3 | 0.45 | 0.67 | 1 | 23 | 7 | 0.75 | (12) | 12 |
| CCSC (13) | Lack of considering whole project life cycle cost | 3.68 | 3 | 3 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 2 | 22 | 7 | 0.74 | (13) | 13 |
| CCSC (14) | Lack of integration, coordination and trust between architects and suppliers | 3.55 | 3 | 3 | 0.41 | 0.64 | 4 | 21 | 6 | 0.71 | (14) | 14 |
| CCSC (15) | Specifying outdated construction materials and technology | 3.42 | 3 | 3 | 0.38 | 0.61 | 5 | 21 | 5 | 0.68 | (15) | 15 |
| CCSC (16) | Project design complexity | 3.35 | 3 | 3 | 0.36 | 0.60 | 6 | 20 | 5 | 0.67 | (16) | 16 |
| CCSC (17) | Lack of long-term relationship with involved parties | 3.29 | 3 | 3 | 0.35 | 0.59 | 7 | 19 | 5 | 0.66 | (17) | 17 |
| CCSC (18) | Improper communication and coordination between public authorities and ADFs | 3.16 | 3 | 3 | 0.32 | 0.57 | 8 | 19 | 4 | 0.63 | (18) | 18 |
| CCSC (19) | Lack of information flow between architects and suppliers | 3.03 | 3 | 3 | 0.30 | 0.54 | 10 | 17 | 4 | 0.61 | (19) | 19 |
| CCSC (20) | Non-compliance to building codes, regulations, laws and standards | 2.90 | 3 | 3 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 11 | 17 | 3 | 0.58 | (20) | 20 |
CCSC
| No. | Challenges | From literature review | From case studies | Impact of sustainability | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic | Social | Environmental | ||||
| CCSC(1) | Delayed design process (Othman et al., 2014; Subramani et al., 2014). | * | * | * | * | |
| CCSC (2) | Project design cost overrun (Othman and El-Gendawy, 2010; Baloyi and Bekker, 2011; Bassioni et al., 2013; Othman and Abdelwahab, 2016). | * | * | * | * | |
| CCSC (3) | Design variations carried out by the architect (Barrett and Stanley, 1999; Othman et al., 2014; Othman and El-Gendawy, 2010). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (4) | Skills gap of qualified architects and design managers (Richardson 2007; Aring, 2012; Othman and Sokkar, 2019). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (5) | Tight project design schedule (ICE, 1996a,b; Othman et al., 2014; Othman and El-Gendawy, 2010). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (6) | Supplier’s rework (Love and Li, 2000; Love and Edwards, 2004). | * | * | * | * | |
| CCSC (7) | Design errors and omissions (Building Research Establishment, 1981; The National Economic Development Office, 1987). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (8) | Failure to abide to contracts requirements (Othman and Harinarain, 2009). | * | * | * | * | |
| CCSC (9) | Inappropriate materials’ specifications (Lawson et al., 2014). | * | * | * | * | |
| CCSC (10) | Design changes by the client and other stake-holders at later stages (CIC, 1994; Kubal, 1994; O’Brien, 1998; Veenendaal, 1998; Barrett and Stanley, 1999; Othman et al., 2014). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (11) | Uncoordinated and incorrect construction documents (Wantanakorn et al., 1999; Othman et al., 2014). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (12) | Lack of adhering to environmental requirements and regulations (Othman and Nadim, 2010) | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (13) | Lack of considering whole project life cycle cost (CIB, 1996; Smith and Wyatt, 1998; Whyte and Scott, 2010). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (14) | Lack of Integration, coordination and trust between architects and suppliers (Othman et al., 2014; Katunzi, 2011). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (15) | Specifying outdated construction materials and technology (Akadiri et al., 2012). | * | * | * | ||
| CCSC (16) | Project design complexity (Caniato and Größler, 2015). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC(17) | Lack of long-term relationship with involved parties (Thunberg et al., 2017). | * | * | * | ||
| CCSC (18) | Improper communication and coordination between public authorities and ADFs (O’Leary, 1992; Othman et al., 2014) | * | * | * | * | |
| CCSC (19) | Lack of information flow between architects and suppliers (Craig and Sommerville, 2006; Marquez, 2010). | * | * | * | * | * |
| CCSC (20) | Non-compliance to building codes, regulations, laws and standards (Ching and Winkel, 2016). | * | * | * | * | |