Fig. 1
Building life cycle.
Fig. 2
Three measures to accelerate the implementation of NZEB.
Fig. 3
Examples of low-quality construction work and its consequences.
Fig. 4
Interaction with developed models: (a) Croatia and (b) partner countries.
Fig. 5
Learning about detailing (the impact of thermal bridges reduction, airtightness problems, etc.) by solving problems with confetti creative systems.
Fig. 6
The roadmap for increasing the competences in DER by the project Fit-to-NZEB.
Fig. 7
Feedback of students on the structure, layout, content of learning materials and the practicality of training course.
Fig. 8
Feedback of students on their view on the progress they have made during the course (regarding competences) and preferences on the practical and theoretical approach.
Fig. 9
Feedback of students on their view regarding discussion possibilities with teachers and peers as well as the suitability of the time frame to the presented topics.
Fig. 10
Feedback of students on their overall view of the training course.
Fig. 11
The roadmap for increasing competences concerning BIM and building energy performance.
Fig. 12
The three-dimensional matrix of competences for BIM-AEC stakeholders.
Fig. 13
Types of construction projects on which participants work on (multiple choice questions).
Fig. 14
Typical project value range (no. of responses: 83).
Fig. 15
Percentage of training participants who use or intend to use BIM in their companies (no. of responses: 83).
Fig. 16
Participants’ experience in BIM (no. of responses: 21 – those who use BIM).
Fig. 17
How important is that specific departments and/or Ministries (responsible for energy efficiency in buildings) mandate the use of BIM to encourage its implementation on energy efficiency related projects? (no. of responses: 77).
Fig. 18
Does the implementation costs associated with BIM (e.g. hardware, software and training) outweigh benefits from BIM? (opinion from the participants, no. of responses: 69).
Fig. 19
Will the companies/organisations be left behind and/or struggle to survive if they do not adopt BIM quickly enough? (no. of responses: 69).
Fig. 20
Assessment by the participants in which project benefits specific to energy efficiency will their company achieve as a result of using BIM. (no. of responses: 40).
Fig. 21
What do You think about formal education about BIM, advantages of BIM and BIM processes? (without using specific software, no. of responses: 74).
Fig. 22
Assess how much can you increase your productivity by using BIM after the training course. (no. of responses: 75).
Fig. 23
Assess how much energy do you expect to save by applying the knowledge you gained during this BIM training. (no. of responses: 73).
Tab. A1
Developed topics for DER with short descriptions (Milovanović, Bagarić, et al., 2019).
| Topic and subtopic |
|---|
| 1. Basics of building physics 1.1. Passive house principles Basics of building physics needed to understand the interrelations of the major principles in DER. Introduction to the passive house principles and how they work together |
| 2. Optimal solar gains Situation and sizes of openings/shading and natural ventilation |
| 3. Building envelope 1.2. Thermal insulation 1.3. Minimizing thermal bridges 1.4. Highly efficient windows Building envelope exterior and interior insulation. Thermal bridges through structural building elements, windows and doors, through cracks and gaps in building envelope. Use of highly efficient window frames/insulating doors/positioning of windows and doors. |
| 4. NZEB Neighbourhoods 1.5. Energy cooperatives 1.6. Distributed energy production systems and energy Understanding the NZEB Neighbourhood. Energy cooperatives as isolated business or connected to a local smart grid or the national grid. Distributed energy sources. Microgrid solutions. District level distribution grids. Impacts and benefits of the grid integration of distributed energy production. Energy Management Systems (EMS). Assessment of the extended built boundary and energy balance of the bounded area. |
| 5. Airtightness, vapour and moisture movement, wind tightness Infiltration and/or exfiltration heat losses, quality assurance and blower door test. Vapour movement through the construction fabric, relevant properties of different materials. |
| 6. Building services 1.7. Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR) 1.8. Heating and Cooling 1.9. Domestic Hot Water (DHW) 1.10. Automation – Regulation 1.11. Lighting Emerging technologies in building services for high performance residential projects. |
| 7. Conservation of historic building fabric Different levels of conservation, concept of authenticity, technical concerns in DER of buildings of historic value – suitable materials and techniques. |
| 8. RES in building renovation 1.12. Long- and short-term energy storage Installation of RES systems in DER without interfering with NZEB principles and requirements. Possibilities of long and short-term storage of energy in the building. |
| 9. Cost-effectiveness Provision of solutions with proven cost-effectiveness within the whole life cycle of the building, economic efficiency of a package of measures. |
| 10. Planning and design instruments Nationally recognized software tools/other available software planning tools. BIM tools. |
| Topic and subtopic |
| 11. Comfort, health and safety requirements in buildings, incl. indoor air quality 11.1. Summer comfort/passive cooling 11.2. Fire protection Comfort, health and safety requirements in buildings, indoor air quality, condensation, humidity and mould appearance, CO2eq levels, draught elimination, productivity and health impact, light, acoustic. Fire protection issues. Summer comfort. |
| 12. Step-by-step retrofit plans Economic assessment, energy audit, design and implementation issues. Step-by-step strategies as well as suitable components and alternative solutions. |
| 13. Energy efficiency and building renovation policies National and EU strategic goals; financing schemes and opportunities; relevant legislation acts in NZEB construction and DER. |
| 14. Achieving measurable results Energy audits; required parameters of the building components; energy performance certificates (EPC). Monitoring and evaluation of the results of the retrofit projects. International retrofitting standards (e.g. EnerPHit). |
| 15. Engaging stakeholders Benefits of energy efficiency to different target groups – energy and financial savings, increased comfort, sanitary and health conditions, better indoor air quality, ecological and climate change mitigation, broader economic and social benefits, energy security, etc. |
| 16. Project management 16.1. Quality assurance Introducing basic principles – Initiating; Planning; Executing; Monitoring; Controlling of project. Increase knowledge of investment efficiency, multicriteria assessment, life cycle assessment, energy efficiency legislation used for project management and evaluation. |
| 17. Ecology and sustainability Ecology as a starting point for energy efficiency in building; climate change and CO2eq levels; building materials. |