Tab. 1
Performance of companies in execution of fibre-optic infrastructure
| Score | Frequency | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 2.00 | 2 | 1.2 |
| 3.00 | 4 | 2.3 |
| 4.00 | 6 | 3.5 |
| 5.00 | 10 | 5.8 |
| 6.00 | 24 | 14.0 |
| 7.00 | 30 | 17.4 |
| 8.00 | 38 | 22.1 |
| 9.00 | 38 | 22.1 |
| 10.00 | 20 | 11.6 |
| Total | 172 | 100.0 |
Tab. 2
Extent to which leaderships skills are applied in steering fibre-optic infrastructure
| Score | Frequency | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 2.00 | 4 | 2.3 |
| 3.00 | 8 | 4.7 |
| 4.00 | 4 | 2.3 |
| 5.00 | 14 | 8.1 |
| 6.00 | 18 | 10.5 |
| 7.00 | 34 | 19.8 |
| 8.00 | 48 | 27.9 |
| 9.00 | 22 | 12.8 |
| 10.00 | 20 | 11.6 |
| Total | 172 | 100.0 |
Tab. 3
Performance of companies in stakeholder management
| Score | Frequency | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 2.00 | 6 | 3.5 |
| 3.00 | 4 | 2.3 |
| 4.00 | 4 | 2.3 |
| 5.00 | 28 | 16.3 |
| 6.00 | 30 | 17.4 |
| 7.00 | 12 | 7.0 |
| 8.00 | 38 | 22.1 |
| 9.00 | 30 | 17.4 |
| 10.00 | 20 | 11.6 |
| Total | 172 | 100.0 |
Tab. 4
Descriptive analysis of government policy from Likert scale data
| Statements | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Mean | Standard deviation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government of Kenya has implemented policy on fibre-optic infrastructure | 8.1 | 15.1 | 27.9 | 31.4 | 17.4 | 3.348 | 1.172 |
| The government implements a dig once policy in conjunction with laying new roads and widening some | 16.3 | 19.8 | 30.2 | 27.9 | 5.8 | 2.872 | 1.162 |
| There is a uniform right of way policy for fibre-optic and other infrastructures | 11.6 | 26.7 | 26.7 | 24.4 | 10.5 | 2.953 | 1.183 |
| Significant delays in execution of fibre-optic infrastructure as a result of delays in obtaining permits | 2.3 | 5.8 | 12.8 | 24.4 | 54.7 | 4.232 | 1.033 |
| Lack of coordination among multiple authorities in issuance of permits is a reason for significant delays | 2.3 | 5.8 | 12.8 | 24.4 | 54.7 | 4.232 | 1.033 |
| Introduction of utility corridors will prevent repeated digging which interfere with other underground infrastructure | 2.3 | 1.2 | 7.0 | 30.2 | 59.3 | 4.430 | 0.858 |
| Regulations by the government on fibre-optic infrastructure are not fair and should be revised | 5.8 | 4.7 | 36.0 | 22.1 | 31.4 | 3.686 | 1.136 |
| More regulations should be put in place to check on how fibre-optic infrastructure is implemented | 1.2 | 4.7 | 7.0 | 38.4 | 48.8 | 4.290 | 0.876 |
| Global standards are adopted and customised in implementation of fibre-optic infrastructure | 3.5 | 15.1 | 25.6 | 30.2 | 25.6 | 3.593 | 1.127 |
| Building code should be revised to allow for fibre-optic services in new buildings | 0.0 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 29.1 | 62.8 | 4.511 | 0.745 |
| Average | 3.8147 | 1.0325 |
Tab. 5
Descriptive analysis of government policy from visual analogue scale data
| Score | Frequency | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| 2.00 | 2 | 1.2 |
| 3.00 | 10 | 5.8 |
| 4.00 | 4 | 2.3 |
| 5.00 | 24 | 14.0 |
| 6.00 | 20 | 11.6 |
| 7.00 | 36 | 20.9 |
| 8.00 | 44 | 25.6 |
| 9.00 | 26 | 15.1 |
| 10.00 | 6 | 3.5 |
| Total | 172 | 100.0 |
Fig. 1
Intervening model.
Tab. 6
Model with dependent variable regressed on independent variables (path c)
| Source | SS | df | MS | Number of observations | 172 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 273.277533 | 1 | 273.277533 | F(1,170) | 162.6 |
| Residual | 285.722467 | 170 | 1.6807204 | Prob > F | 0.000 |
| Total | 559 | 171 | 3.26900585 | R2 | 0.4889 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.4859 | ||||
| Root MSE | 1.2964 |
| Y | Coefficient | Standard error | t | p > [t] | [95% CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X1–X2 | 0.0505134 | 0.003961 | 12.75 | 0.000 | 0.0426935 | 0.058333 |
| _cons | 4.787548 | 0.234566 | 20.41 | 0.000 | 4.32451 | 5.250585 |
Tab. 7
Model for the relationship between independent variables and intervening variable
| Source | SS | df | MS | Number of observations | 172 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 192.889365 | 1 | 192.889365 | F(1,170) | 88.72 |
| Residual | 369.622263 | 170 | 2.17424861 | Prob > F | 0.000 |
| Total | 562.511628 | 171 | 3.28954168 | R2 | 0.3429 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.3390 | ||||
| Root MSE | 1.4745 |
| I | Coefficient | Standard error | t | p > [t] | [95% CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X1–X2 | 0.0424384 | 0.0045057 | 9.42 | 0.000 | 0.0335441 | 0.0513327 |
| _cons | 4.628134 | 0.2667918 | 17.35 | 0.000 | 4.101483 | 5.154786 |
Tab. 8
Model with dependent variable regressed on intervening variable and independent variables – paths b and c
| Source | SS | df | MS | Number of observations | 172 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | 337.78105 | 1 | 168.890525 | F(1,170) | 129.02 |
| Residual | 221.21895 | 170 | 1.30898787 | Prob > F | 0.000 |
| Total | 559 | 171 | 3.26900585 | R2 | 0.6043 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.5996 | ||||
| Root MSE | 1.1441 |
| Y | Coefficient | Standard error | t | p > [t] | [95% CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 0.4177463 | 0.0595098 | 7.02 | 0.000 | 0.3002679 | 0.5352247 |
| X1–X2 | 0.0327849 | 0.0043128 | 7.60 | 0.000 | 0.024271 | 0.0513327 |
| _cons | 2.854161 | 0.3445402 | 8.28 | 0.000 | 2.174005 | 5.154786 |
| Coefficient | Standard error | Z | p > [Z] | |
| Sobel | 0.01772848 | 0.00314975 | 5.629 | 1.82E−08 |
| Goodman-1 (Aroian) | 0.01772848 | 0.00316114 | 5.608 | 2.04E−08 |
| Goodman-2 | 0.01772848 | 0.00313832 | 5.649 | 1.61E−08 |
| Coefficient | Standard error | Z | p > [Z] | |
| Coefficient a | 0.042438 | 0.004506 | 9.41889 | 0.00E+00 |
| Coefficient b | 0.417746 | 0.059510 | 7.01979 | 2.20E−12 |
| Indirect effect | 0.017728 | 0.003150 | 5.62853 | 1.80E−08 |
| Direct effect | 0.032785 | 0.004313 | 7.60178 | 2.90E−14 |
| Total effect | 0.050513 | 0.003961 | 12.7513 | 0.00E+00 |
| Proportion of total effect that is mediated | 3.509658E−01 | |||
| Ratio of indirect to direct effect | 5.407509E−01 | |||
| Ratio of total direct effect | 1.540751E+00 | |||