Seasonal Variability and Trends of PM10 and PM2.5 Particulate Matter Pollution in Warsaw: A Multi-Year Analysis

Aleksandra Starzomska; Joanna Strużewska

doi:10.2478/oszn-2024-0004

Figures & Tables

Distribution of measurement stations of the State Environmental Monitoring (PMŚ) department in Warsaw and its surroundings

PM10 concentration levels from 2016 to 2021 at the MzWarAlNiepo station

PM10 concentration level in 2016–2021 at MzWarWokalna station

PM2.5 concentration levels from 2016 to 2021 at MzWarAlNiepo station

PM2.5 concentration levels from 2016 to 2021 at MzPiasPulask station

PM2.5 concentration level in 2016–2021 at MzLegZegrzyn station

Exceedances of the permissible annual average concentration of PM10 dust from 2016 to 2021 in μg/m3

Exceedances of the permissible annual average concentration of PM2.5 dust in 2016–2021 in μg/m3

Number of days with exceedances of the 24-hour average value of PM10 dust in μg/m3

Statistical analysis with PM10 correlation

Statistical analysis with PM2.5 correlation

PM10 Monthly Median and IQR at the stations MzWarAlNiepo and MzWarWokalna

Month	MzWarAlNiepo		MzWarWokalna
Month	Median [µg/m³]	IQR [µg/m³]	Median [µg/m³]	IQR [µg/m³]
I	48.61	8.37	38.16	14.75
II	48.57	14.98	34.42	16.13
III	54.55	12.17	31.59	9.8
IV	46.23	4.92	27.76	5.35
V	35.05	4.06	22.57	7.31
VI	35.09	5.62	21.33	0.76
VII	31.42	2.83	19.21	2.66
VIII	31.3	1.82	19.84	6.14
IX	36.14	4.28	22.88	6.7
X	37.27	1.77	28.71	3.87
XI	39.05	10.24	32.01	10.84
XII	36.94	5.25	28.9	6.2

PM2_5 monthly mean concentrations for the period 2016–2021 at stations MzPiasPulask, MzWarAlNiepo and MzLegZegrzyn

Station	Year	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII
MzPiasPulask	2016	48.19	27.60	30.86	21.97	14.75	14.77	13.54	15.56	19.95	22.13	31.80	35.27
	2017	64.64	46.92	31.27	18.89	14.84	10.73	10.89	11.46	12.67	19.15	28.93	30.31
	2018	32.02	41.94	37.75	21.82	14.09	12.20	12.25	13.01	16.53	28.66	42.69	28.56
	2019	37.81	31.53	21.54	21.01	14.01	10.78	8.51	10.32	14.16	22.17	23.75	25.68
	2020	27.84	16.10	23.89	16.14	11.37	10.49	8.45	9.45	12.80	18.61	22.62	22.09
	2021	35.04	38.64	25.28	16.58	8.73	12.05	11.80	9.11	11.29	18.10	22.41	25.40
	average	40.93	33.79	28.43	19.40	12.96	11.84	10.91	11.49	14.57	21.47	28.70	27.88
	stdev	12.31	10.16	5.46	2.38	2.22	1.47	1.89	2.24	2.90	3.59	7.15	4.19
	stdev/average	0.30	0.30	0.19	0.12	0.17	0.12	0.17	0.19	0.20	0.17	0.25	0.15
MzWarAlNiepo	2016	43.67	26.87	30.22	23.49	18.22	14.50	13.51	14.88	22.51	25.75	36.53	36.94
	2017	54.31	44.08	33.42	21.11	18.60	14.51	15.96	17.02	18.16	26.52	35.86	32.10
	2018	33.26	41.08	39.94	23.75	14.25	14.05	13.98	14.31	17.01	25.86	34.40	29.08
	2019	36.02	35.61	26.49	25.93	19.60	17.24	15.25	16.68	20.02	28.46	26.91	26.80
	2020	27.00	16.31	23.21	16.10	12.75	13.43	10.71	11.61	15.50	21.74	24.98	24.35
	2021	32.45	37.39	25.88	18.46	12.03	15.23	15.76	12.91	14.65	18.93	23.30	26.65
	average	37.79	33.56	29.86	21.47	15.91	14.83	14.20	14.57	17.97	24.54	30.33	29.32
	stdev	8.91	9.39	5.56	3.34	3.00	1.21	1.79	1.92	2.68	3.21	5.41	4.16
	stdev/average	0.24	0.28	0.19	0.16	0.19	0.08	0.13	0.13	0.15	0.13	0.18	0.14
MzLegZegrzyn	2016	54.74	29.26	38.69	23.74	17.07	12.77	11.08	12.66	19.81	22.54	36.59	39.51
	2017	61.87	40.20	29.50	16.94	12.75	10.24	10.94	12.91	13.62	16.19	23.70	24.41
	2018	33.22	47.98	38.78	19.18	12.12	11.00	11.80	14.04	15.53	29.81	36.53	29.16
	2019	35.83	30.73	21.54	23.47	14.33	10.70	8.02	9.90	14.11	27.12	27.98	27.96
	2020	28.51	18.43	29.43	18.70	10.79	10.35	7.83	9.41	12.68	22.09	24.57	24.09
	2021	36.52	40.68	26.28	17.10	9.29	11.41	12.52	8.93	11.78	18.18	24.83	30.48
	average	41.78	34.54	30.70	19.86	12.72	11.08	10.36	11.31	14.59	22.65	29.03	29.27
	stdev	12.14	9.59	6.27	2.77	2.50	0.85	1.80	1.96	2.61	4.71	5.49	5.14
	stdev/average	0.29	0.28	0.20	0.14	0.20	0.08	0.17	0.17	0.18	0.21	0.19	0.18

PM10 monthly mean concentrations for the period 2016–2021 at stations MzWarAlNiepo and MzWarWokalna

Station	Year	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII	IX	X	XI	XII
MzWarAlNiepo	2016	53.65	38.18	48.54	46.63	37.80	34.90	28.89	31.30	54.95	33.41	45.39	45.38
	2017	68.63	55.54	62.93	37.02	37.04	31.37	30.95	32.11	27.44	37.90	44.47	39.44
	2018	44.52	58.63	62.46	53.07	37.29	38.21	32.44	34.25	35.66	42.75	44.56	37.09
	2019	42.83	53.34	49.03	47.38	34.49	32.93	30.28	30.88	30.60	35.85	29.19	30.57
	2020	38.52	28.32	48.40	49.80	32.72	27.74	27.82	29.82	35.07	36.40	37.40	32.60
	2021	43.50	57.42	55.93	43.49	30.98	45.40	38.11	29.47	33.13	37.33	33.27	36.59
	average	48.61	48.57	54.55	46.23	35.05	35.09	31.42	31.30	36.14	37.27	39.05	36.94
	stdev	10.03	11.32	6.31	5.06	2.54	5.61	3.33	1.58	8.86	2.83	6.24	4.78
	stdev/average	0.21	0.23	0.12	0.11	0.07	0.16	0.11	0.05	0.25	0.08	0.16	0.13
MzWarWokalna	2016	46.12	29.20	32.95	29.05	23.96	20.00	17.23	18.41	26.38	22.29	31.96	34.23
	2017	56.38	45.69	36.25	25.30	27.40	20.79	20.67	24.00	22.81	30.10	37.25	33.17
	2018	38.00	46.30	45.04	35.72	29.43	27.43	25.20	24.96	30.99	42.94	47.62	31.43
	2019	28.03	27.59	22.13	31.27	17.73	19.05	14.12	16.81	15.11	25.26	22.33	21.21
	2020	28.46	18.32	28.49	25.57	23.74	20.69	19.17	21.41	24.10	26.30	29.21	26.95
	2021	31.96	39.43	24.67	19.67	13.15	20.01	18.87	13.43	17.88	25.35	23.71	26.39
	average	38.16	34.42	31.59	27.76	22.57	21.33	19.21	19.84	22.88	28.71	32.01	28.90
	stdev	10.25	10.22	7.65	5.06	5.56	2.79	3.37	4.05	5.24	6.77	8.58	4.51
	stdev/average	0.27	0.30	0.24	0.18	0.25	0.13	0.18	0.20	0.23	0.24	0.27	0.16

Statistical analysis of stations measuring PM10 dust concentrations

Year	Correlation	SD MzWarAlNiepo		SD MzWarWokalna
Year	Correlation	SD	mean	SD	mean
2016	0.556	26.10	41.64	16.23	27.51
2017	0.774	29.91	42.05	21.76	31.68
2018	0.654	25.54	42.88	20.79	35.52
2019	0.631	20.26	37.30	13.40	21.88
2020	0.573	21.45	35.37	16.41	24.56
2021	0.589	27.72	40.3	16.82	22.91

Monitoring stations analyzed in the Warsaw agglomeration

Name of station	Location	Location		Type	Pollution		Sampling frequency
Name of station	Location	Latitude	Longitude	Type	Pollution		Sampling frequency
MzWarAlNiepo	Warsaw, Niepodległości 227/233	52.22	21.00	communication	PM2.5	PM10	1h
MzPiasPulask	Piastów, Pułaskiego 6/8	52.19	20.84	suburban background	PM2.5	-	1h
MzLegZegrzyn	Legionowo, Zegrzyńska 38	52.41	20.96	suburban background	PM2.5	-	1h
MzWarWokalna	Warsaw, Wokalna 1	52.16	21.03	urban background	-	PM10	1h

PM2_5 Monthly Median and IQR at the stations MzPiasPulask, MzWarAlNiepo, and MzLegZegrzyn

Month	MzPiasPulask		MzWarAlNiepo		MzLegZegrzyn
Month	Median [µg/m³]	IQR [µg/m³]	Median [µg/m³]	IQR [µg/m³]	Median [µg/m³]	IQR [µg/m³]
I	40.93	12.82	37.79	9.1	41.78	12.79
II	33.79	12.53	33.56	11.1	34.54	7.2
III	28.43	6.93	29.86	6.59	30.7	6.14
IV	19.4	4.46	21.47	4.56	19.86	5.58
V	12.96	2.56	15.91	5.38	12.72	2.9
VI	11.84	1.42	14.83	0.89	11.08	2.88
VII	10.91	3.03	14.2	2.01	10.36	2.48
VIII	11.49	2.96	14.57	2.97	11.31	1.88
IX	14.57	3.23	17.97	3.68	14.59	2.84
X	21.47	3.42	24.54	3.61	22.65	4.77
XI	28.7	8.18	30.33	10.03	29.03	5.34
XII	27.88	4.4	29.32	4.66	29.27	5.14

Statistical analysis of stations measuring PM2_5 concentrations

Year	correlation MzWarAlNiepo-MzLegZegrzyn	correlation MzWarAlNiepo-MzPiasPulask	MzLegZegrzyn-MzPiasPulask correlation	MzWarAlNiepo		MzLegZegrzyn		MzPiasPulask
Year	correlation MzWarAlNiepo-MzLegZegrzyn	correlation MzWarAlNiepo-MzPiasPulask	MzLegZegrzyn-MzPiasPulask correlation	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean
2016	0.778	0.700	0.747	27.61	25.55	19.06	26.38	16.57	24.69
2017	0.776	0.724	0.865	28.22	27.57	26.61	23.06	20.03	25.07
2018	0.746	0.722	0.753	25.93	24.86	21.46	24.77	17.37	25.01
2019	0.796	0.783	0.800	18.77	24.65	15.77	21.07	13.25	19.67
2020	0.813	0.775	0.760	16.59	18.08	13.42	17.92	11.29	16.6
2021	0.845	0.784	0.873	20.94	21.05	17.28	20.66	15.02	19.46

Seasonal Variability and Trends of PM10 and PM2.5 Particulate Matter Pollution in Warsaw: A Multi-Year Analysis

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Figure 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

Figure 11.

PM10 Monthly Median and IQR at the stations MzWarAlNiepo and MzWarWokalna

PM2_5 monthly mean concentrations for the period 2016–2021 at stations MzPiasPulask, MzWarAlNiepo and MzLegZegrzyn

PM10 monthly mean concentrations for the period 2016–2021 at stations MzWarAlNiepo and MzWarWokalna

Statistical analysis of stations measuring PM10 dust concentrations

Monitoring stations analyzed in the Warsaw agglomeration

PM2_5 Monthly Median and IQR at the stations MzPiasPulask, MzWarAlNiepo, and MzLegZegrzyn

Statistical analysis of stations measuring PM2_5 concentrations

Paradigm

My account