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Torrefaction of Flax Shives as a Process of Preparation Waste Vegetable Biomass for Energy Purposes Cover

Torrefaction of Flax Shives as a Process of Preparation Waste Vegetable Biomass for Energy Purposes

Environmental Protection and Natural Resources
Volume 34 (2023): Issue 4 (December 2023)
By: Jarosław Molenda,  Piotr Zacharski and  Marek Swat  
Open Access
|Dec 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

EDS spectrum of flax shive waste biomass
EDS spectrum of flax shive waste biomass

Figure 2.

Biocarbon obtained during the torrefaction of flax shive (temperature - 250°C, process time - 10 min)
Biocarbon obtained during the torrefaction of flax shive (temperature - 250°C, process time - 10 min)

Figure 3.

Effect of torrefaction temperature on the heat of combustion of the produced biocarbon (process time - 15 min, protective atmosphere - carbon dioxide)
Effect of torrefaction temperature on the heat of combustion of the produced biocarbon (process time - 15 min, protective atmosphere - carbon dioxide)

Figure 4.

Effect of torrefaction temperature on the mass loss of the initial biomass sample (process time - 15 min, protective atmosphere - carbon dioxide)
Effect of torrefaction temperature on the mass loss of the initial biomass sample (process time - 15 min, protective atmosphere - carbon dioxide)

Figure 5.

Effect of torrefaction time on the mass loss of the initial biomass sample (process temperature - 320°C, protective atmosphere - carbon dioxide)
Effect of torrefaction time on the mass loss of the initial biomass sample (process temperature - 320°C, protective atmosphere - carbon dioxide)

Figure 6.

Effect of torrefaction time on the heat of combustion of the produced biocarbon (process temperature - 320°C, protective atmosphere - carbon dioxide)
Effect of torrefaction time on the heat of combustion of the produced biocarbon (process temperature - 320°C, protective atmosphere - carbon dioxide)

Figure 7.

Comparison of the infrared spectra of the starting raw material (a) and the biocarbon obtained at b) 250°C, c) 270°C, d) 300°C, e) 320°C, f) 370°C
Comparison of the infrared spectra of the starting raw material (a) and the biocarbon obtained at b) 250°C, c) 270°C, d) 300°C, e) 320°C, f) 370°C

Figure 8.

Comparison of infrared spectra of biocarbon obtained at 320°C and at (a) 45 min, (b) 30 min, (c) 20 min, (d) 15 min
Comparison of infrared spectra of biocarbon obtained at 320°C and at (a) 45 min, (b) 30 min, (c) 20 min, (d) 15 min
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2023-0022 | Journal eISSN: 2353-8589 | Journal ISSN: 1230-7831
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Language: English
Page range: 147 - 153
Published on: Dec 31, 2023
Published by: National Research Institute, Institute of Environmental Protection
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Vegetable biomass,
flax shive,
biomass torrefaction,
alternative fuel,
solid biofuel,
biocarbon,
combustion heat
Related subjects:
Life sciences,
Ecology

© 2023 Jarosław Molenda, Piotr Zacharski, Marek Swat, published by National Research Institute, Institute of Environmental Protection
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

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