The Influence of Spent Mushroom Substrate Fertilization on The Selected Properties of Arable Soil

Nitrogen form (operational)	Method of recovery
N-NH₄ – ammonium form	distillation from 0.25 M KCl extract after alkalization with MgO
N-NO_x – nitrate forms (III and V): N-NO₃ and N-NO₂	distillation from 0.25 M KCl extract after alkalization with N-NH₄ and application of Devards reductive mixture
N_MIN – nitrogen in mineral compounds	N_MIN = N-NH₄ +N-NO_x
N_ORG – nitrogen in organic compounds	N_ORG =N-tot. – N_MIN
N_KCl	measured in 0.25 M KCl extract after mineralization of the solution
N_OS – soluble organic nitrogen	N_OS =N_KCl – N_MIN
N_OEH – easily hydrolysing organic nitrogen	measured after hydrolysis in 0.25 M H₂SO₄ and mineralization of the solution
N_ODH – organic nitrogen difficult to hydrolyse	measured after hydrolysis in 2.5 M H₂SO₄ and mineralization of the solution
N_ONH – not hydrolysing organic nitrogen	measured after post-extraction and mineralization of the residues concentrated H₂SO₄

Table 2

Selected properties of soil humus horizon after the first and second year of the experiment

Experimental objects	pH_KCl	Hh	CEC	V	Corg	N-tot	C:N
Experimental objects	pH_KCl	mmol(+)·kg⁻¹		%	g·kg⁻¹		C:N
After first year of cultivation
Control	4.79	20.6	67.6	76.6	6.02	0.61	9.84
SMS	5.11	22.5	90.3	80.3	7.65	0.79	9.68
After second year of cultivation
Control	4.61	24.0	64.5	72,9	6.09	0.58	10.5
SMS	4.69	24.4	79.2	76,4	7.65	0.63	12.1

[i] Hh – hydrolytic acidity, CEC – cation exchange capacity, V – degree of saturation of soils with alkaline cations, Corg – total organic carbon, N-tot – the total nitrogen content

Table 3

Selected properties of spent mushroom substrate used in the experiment

Dry matter (DM)	Corg	N-tot	C:N	pH_H20
g·kg⁻¹			C:N	pH_H20
309	278	23.3	11.9	7.25

[i] Corg – total organic carbon, N-tot – the total nitrogen content

Table 4

The mineral nitrogen forms in the investigated spent mushroom substrate

N-NH₄		N-NO₃ and N-NO₂		N_MIN
g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot
0.800	3.43	0.095	0.40	0.895	3.84

[i] N-NH₄ – ammonium form of nitrogen, N-NO₃ and N-NO₂ – nitrate form of nitrogen N-NO₃ and N-NO₂, N_MIN – sum of mineral form of nitrogen

Table 5

The nitrogen organic compounds in separate fractions by acid hydrolysis in the investigated spent mushroom substrate

N_OS		N_OEH		N_ODH		N_ONH
g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot
2.81	12.0	4.29	18.4	4.15	17.8	11.5	47.8

[i] N_OS – soluble organic nitrogen, N_OEH – easily hydrolysing organic nitrogen, N_ODH – organic nitrogen difficult to hydrolyse, N_ONH – not hydrolysing organic nitrogen, N-tot – the total nitrogen content

Table 6

Mineral forms of nitrogen in separate fractions from the A horizon of the field experimental objects

Experimental objects	N-NH₄		N-NO₃ and N-NO₂		N_MIN
Experimental objects	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot
First year of cultivation
Control	1.68	2.75	1.19	1.95	2.87	4.70
SMS	1.75	2.22	1.05	1.33	2.80	3.55
Second year of cultivation
Control	1.54	2.65	0.98	1.69	2.52	4.34
SMS	1.96	3.13	1.10	1.58	3.06	4.68

[i] SMS – soil fertilized with spent mushroom substrate, N-NH₄ – ammonium form of nitrogen, N-NO₃ and N-NO₂ – nitrate form of nitrogen N-NO₃ and N-NO₂, N_MIN – sum of mineral form of nitrogen

Table 7

The nitrogen in separate fractions by acid hydrolysis in the A horizon of the field experiment objects

Experimental objects	N_OS		N_OEH		N_ODH		N_ONH
Experimental objects	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot	g·kg⁻¹	% N-tot
First year of cultivation
Control	1.33	2.18	12.0	19.7	19.6	32.1	28.1	46.1
SMS	1.68	2.13	14.5	18.4	25.4	32.2	37.4	47.3
Second year of cultivation
Control	1.20	2.07	11.5	19.8	16.8	28.9	28.5	49.1
SMS	1.82	2.90	12.0	19.0	20.5	32.5	28.2	44.8

[i] SMS – soil fertilized with spent mushroom substrate, N_OS – soluble organic nitrogen, N_OEH – easily hydrolysing organic nitrogen, N_ODH – organic nitrogen difficult to hydrolyse, N_ONH – not hydrolysing organic nitrogen, N-tot – the total nitrogen content

Table 8

The coefficients of correlation between the nitrogen content in different fractions and selected properties of A horizon of the investigated soils

Parameter	N-NH₄	N-NO_x	N_OS	N_OEH	N_ODH	N_ONH
N-tot	0.35	0.13	0.68^*	0.82^*	0.80^*	0.14
Corg	0.50	0.20	0.78^*	0.39	0.54	0.13
C:N	0.26	0.10	0.24	−0.44	−0.21	−0.03
pH_KCl	−0.23	−0.48	0.21	0.33	0.57	−0.51
Hh	0.36	0.31	0.31	0.20	−0.25	−0.71^*
CEC	0.58^*	0.20	0.67^*	0.72^*	0.70^*	−0.37
V	0.25	−0.02	0.38	0.43	0.73^*	−0.79^*

* significant at α = 0.05, N-NH₄ – ammonium form of nitrogen, N-NO_x – nitrate form of nitrogen N-NO₃ and N-NO₂, N_OS – soluble organic nitrogen, N_OEH – easily hydrolysing organic nitrogen, N_ODH – organic nitrogen difficult to hydrolyse, N_ONH – not hydrolysing organic nitrogen, N-tot – the total nitrogen content, Corg – total organic carbon, Hh – hydrolytic acidity, CEC – cation exchange capacity, V – degree of saturation of soils with alkaline cations

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2020-0016 | Journal eISSN: 2353-8589 | Journal ISSN: 1230-7831

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Language: English

Page range: 28 - 34

Published on: Dec 31, 2020

Published by: National Research Institute, Institute of Environmental Protection

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

A horizon,

fertilization,

spent mushroom substrate,

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© 2020 Anna Majchrowska-Safaryan, Krzysztof Pakuła, Marcin Becher, published by National Research Institute, Institute of Environmental Protection
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 31 (2020): Issue 4 (December 2020)