Floristic diversity in selected city parks in southern Poland

No.	Name of park	Year of establishment	Area (ha)	Main function	Type of soil	Geographicalcoordinates
1.	Wojkowice Park	No data	21.00	Ecological, sport and recreation	Haplic Cambisol, Technic Anthrosol	50°22′05″N 19°02′05″E
2.	Park Grabek	No data	7.00	Ecological, sport and recreation, culture and entertainment, stroll function, economic	Technic Regosol, Technic Anthrosol	50°18′43″N 19°03′58″E
3.	Park Jordana	No data	13.20	Ecological, sport and recreation	Hortic Anthrosol, Technic Anthrosol	50°18′18″N 19°04′25″E
4.	Park on the Castle Hill	1801	5.56	Ecological, education	Haplic Cambisol, Brown Rendzinas	50°19′40″N 19°07′54″E
5.	Park Low Syberka	No data	10.00	Sport and recreation, culture and entertainment	Technic Anthrosol	50°19′27″N 19°07′18″E
6.	Zielona Park	1932	67.00	Ecological, sport and recreation	Fluvic Endogleic Cambisol	50°20′28″N 19°10′57″E
7.	Park Hallera	No data	40.10	Ecological, sport and recreation, economic	Technic Anthrosol	50°19′16″N 19°11′31″E
8.	Sielecki Park	1835	18.50	Ecological, sport and recreation, economic, culture and entertainment	Fluvic Cambisol, Cambisol	50°17′00″N 19°08’28”E
9.	Środula Park	1991	8.00	Sport and recreation, education, aesthetic, culture and entertainment	Hortic Anthrosol, Technic Anthrosol	50°17′28″N 19°09′56″E
10.	Leśna Park	No data	47.30	Ecological, sport and recreation, economic	Hortic Anthrosol, Technic Anthrosol	50°18′01″N 19°14′27″E

Number of species in the analysed city parks (original data): 1 – Park Grabek Czeladź; 2 – Park Jordana; 3 – Park Hallera; 4 – Park Zielona Dąbrowa Górnicza; 5 – Park Sielecki Sosnowiec; 6 – Park Środula Sosnowiec; 7 – Park Leśny Sosnowiec; 8 – Park Castle Hill Będzin; 9 – Park Syberka Niska Będzin; 10 – Park Wojkowice

Table 2

Phytosociological affiliation of species and syntaxonomical diversity within analysed parks (original data)

Group of syntaxon	Number of species in each syntaxonomic units	%
Classes
Festuco-Brometea	8	1.84
Querco-Fagetea	6	1.38
Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Stellarietea mediae	4*	1.84
Rhamno-Prunetea	3	0.69
Nardo-Callunetea	2	0.46
Agropyretea intermedio-repentis, Alnetea glutinosae, Isoeto-Nanojuncetea, Phragmitetea, Salicetea purpureae	1	1.15
Orders
Arrhenatheretalia elatioris, Fagetalia sylvaticae	5	2.30
Artemisietea vulgaris	3	0.69
Centauretalia cyanii, Molinietalia caerulae, Polygono-Chenopodietalia	2	1.38
Artemisietalia vulgaris, Bidentetea tripartite, Convolvuletalia sepium, Glechometalia hederaceae, Thlaspietalia rotundifolii	1	1.15
Unions
Berberidion	3	0.69
Alliarion, Alnenion glutinoso-incanae, Arrhenatherion elatioris, Carpinion betuli, Molinion caerulae, Polygono-Trisetion, Senecion fluviatilis	2	3.22
Aperion spicae-venti, Bidention tripartite, Calthion palustris, Geranion sanguine, Koelerion albescentis, Polygono-Chenopodion, Prunion fruticosae, Pruno-Rubion fruticosi, Rhododendro-Vaccinienion, Salicion albae, Seslerio-Festucion duriusculae, Tilio platyphyllis-Acerion pseudoplatani, Ulmenion minoris, Vicio lathyroidis-Potentillion argenteae	1	3.22
Associations
Echio-Melilotetum, Populetum albae, Rudbeckio-Solidaginetum, Sisymbrietum loeselii, Urtico-Malvetum neglectae	2	2.30
Abietetum polonicom, Anthyllidi-Trifolietum montani, Berteroetum incanae, Brometum tectorum, Cardario drabae-Agropyretum repentis, Cerastio-Androsacetum septentrionalis, Corispermo-, Galinsogo-Setarietum, Galio-Urticenea, Hordetum marini, Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori, Leonuro-Ballotetum nigrae, Lolio-Cynosuretum, Origano-Brachypodietum, Sambucetum ebuli, Sieglingio-Agrostietum, Typhetum angustifoliae	1	3.91
Other syntaxons
More than 1 syntaxon	193	44.39
Lack of data or cultivated taxon	128	29.44

* Given number is for one syntaxon and should be multiplied with the number of syntaxon in each line in the table, for example, 4*2.

Table 3

Obtained χ²-value and p-value as a result of comparing the ratio of particular groups of species (geographical–historical groups of flora) in given location with each other (original data)

Parks		1 – Grabek Park	2 – Park Jordana	3 – Park Hallera	4 – Park Zielona	5 – Park Sielecki	6 – Park Środula	7 – Park Leśny	8 – Park Castle Hill	9 – Park Syberka	10 – Park Wojkowice
1	χ²-value	-
1	p-value	-
2	χ²-value	6.4934	-
2	p-value	0.1652	-
3	χ²-value	0.84373	2.9601
3	p-value	0.93249	0.56453
4	χ²-value	9.6106*	5.9724	6.91	-
4	p-value	0.047524	0.11296	0.14072	-
5	χ²-value	9.886*	1.9577	2.9992	11.272*	-
5	p-value	0.042389	0.74353	0.55796	0.023672	-
6	χ²-value	1.2101	4.0192	1.603	9.0684*	5.9031	-
6	p-value	0.87643	0.25939	0.80826	0.028395	0.20651	-
7	χ²-value	15.99*	2.6381	7.3582	6.9341	3.5218	10.504*	-
7	p-value	0.003033	0.45085	0.11813	0.074029	0.47458	0.014735	-
8	χ²-value	3.737	1.4414	1.2194	8.7631	3.103	2.835	8.0873	-
8	p-value	0.44277	0.83697	0.8749	0.067302	0.54074	0.5858	0.088434	-
9	χ²-value	3.6964	0.90269	1.6563	4.0152	3.0603	2.3303	3.3651	1.8082	-
9	p-value	0.44865	0.82478	0.79863	0.25983	0.54778	0.50674	0.33869	0.77099	-
10	χ²-value	12.287*	1.1987	5.1723	9.5539*	1.0941	6.8053	1.313	4.538	2.7063	-
10	p-value	0.015342	0.75332	0.27007	0.022765	0.89521	0.07837	0.72604	0.33807	0.43915	-

Chi-squared test (χ²) was adopted; significance level equal to α = 0.05.

* Statistically significant difference (χ²-value > χ²-critical value).

The number of species with geographical–historical affiliation of flora for the analysed parks (original data)

Table 4

Obtained χ²-value and p-value as a result of comparing the ratio of particular groups of species (individual life forms of plants) in given location with each other

Parks		1 – Grabek Park	2 – Park Jordana	3 – Park Hallera	4 – Park Zielona	5 – Park Sielecki	6 – Park Środula	7 – Park Leśny	8 – Park Castle Hill	9 – Park Syberka	10 – Park Wojkowice
1	χ²-value	-
1	p-value	-
2	χ²-value	4.7007	-
2	p-value	0.58273	-
3	χ²-value	1.8746	7.9306	-
3	p-value	0.93087	0.24323	-
4	χ²-value	13.166*	3.9919	14.558*	-
4	p-value	0.040468	0.67777	0.023986	-
5	χ²-value	18.997*	5.6446	20.137*	14.872*	-
5	p-value	0.0041685	0.46416	0.0026185	0.021275	-
6	χ²-value	7.7392	9.9112	8.9046	12.765*	21.238*	-
6	p-value	0.25784	0.12844	0.17902	0.046918	0.0012957	-
7	χ²-value	19.9*	4.8303	21.828*	10.813	7.8838	18.284*	-
7	p-value	0.0028846	0.56576	0.001301	0.094317	0.24674	0.0055602	-
8	χ²-value	3.0886	5.3731	1.9398	10.45	17.581*	11.053	20.354*	-
8	p-value	0.79765	0.49693	0.85741	0.10695	0.0077368	0.08675	0.0023947	-
9	χ²-value	9.8674	6.5723	10.777	14.524*	10.763	13.517*	8.5555	9.2998	-
9	p-value	0.13035	0.36222	0.055993	0.024302	0.095977	0.035519	0.20016	0.097688	-
10	χ²-value	14.572*	6.5644	14.346*	16.486*	4.6768	21.043*	8.1227	11.983*	2.587	-
10	p-value	0.0238576	0.36301	0.013557	0.011368	0.58588	0.0018026	0.22925	0.035017	0.76334	-

Chi-squared test (χ²) was adopted; significance level equal to α = 0.05.

* Statistically significant difference (χ²-value > χ²-critical value, original data).

Table 5

Plant life forms in urban parks in the area of Dąbrowa Coal Basin (Zagłębie Dąbrowskie, original data)

Form	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
	Grabek	Jordana	Hallera	Zielona	Sielecki	Środula	Leśny	Castle Hill	Syberka	Wojkowice
M	50	29	24	20	58	21	51	39	37	47
N	26	19	13	15	43	10	36	25	22	33
H	119	65	67	69	81	52	84	109	60	69
Hy	2	2	0	2	2	2	8	0	0	0
G	25	18	11	24	30	23	33	25	20	21
Ch	15	5	8	3	5	10	10	10	13	9
T	51	20	30	15	33	31	24	41	19	22
Sum	288	158	153	148	252	149	246	249	171	201

[i] M – megaphanerophytes, N – nanophanerophytes, H – hemicryptophytes, Hy – hydrophytes, G – geophytes, Ch – chamaephytes, T – therophytes.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2019-0020 | Journal eISSN: 2353-8589 | Journal ISSN: 1230-7831

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Language: English

Page range: 8 - 17

Published on: Dec 31, 2019

Published by: National Research Institute, Institute of Environmental Protection

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

urban parks,

anthropogenic ecosystems,

biodiversity in urban area,

anthropogenic changes,

habitat diversity

Related subjects:

Life sciences,

Ecology

© 2019 Oimahmad Rahmonov, Katarzyna Pukowiec-Kurda, Jarosław Banaszek, Krzysztof Brom, published by National Research Institute, Institute of Environmental Protection
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Volume 30 (2019): Issue 4 (December 2019)

Floristic diversity in selected city parks in southern Poland

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