Prognostic Histopathological Parameters and Their Correlation in the Clinical-Pathological Examination of Melanomas

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers, with a steadily increasing incidence worldwide, particularly among Caucasian populations. Early diagnosis and accurate staging are essential for improving patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between histopathological parameters and clinical tumour characteristics. This retrospective study analysed data from 41 melanoma patients treated at the Târgu Mureș Emergency Hospital between 2023 and 2025. The assessment included tumour thickness (Breslow index), Clark level of invasion, mitotic activity, and ulceration, which were compared with clinical characteristics. The results showed that tumours with ulceration were associated with significantly higher Breslow values, identifying ulceration as a key marker of aggressiveness. Tumour location also correlated with staging: advanced stages were more frequent in the chest and abdominal regions, whereas early stages were more common on the face and lower limbs. Incorporating analysis of the tumour microenvironment, immunohistochemical markers, and molecular biomarkers could substantially enhance diagnostic precision and therapeutic strategies. Future research should therefore focus on the tumour microenvironment and personalized treatment approaches.