Bird community structure and seasonal dynamics in a forest ecosystem of West Bengal, India

Several ornithological studies have been conducted across West Bengal recently, yet the forest habitats of the Matha region in Purulia district remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to assess the diversity, abundance, and seasonal variation of bird species in this understudied forest landscape. Findings revealed that bird species richness peaked during the post-monsoon season (October–December), coinciding with increased food availability due to higher insect populations and agricultural activity, as well as the presence of juvenile birds following the breeding season. Despite the arrival of winter migrants, the limited number of water bodies resulted in lower waterbird abundance during winter. The forest’s proximity to croplands favoured granivorous species, while omnivorous birds were the most dominant feeding guild, reflecting diverse resource utilization. Rock Pigeon, Eurasian Collared Dove, and Spotted Dove emerged as ecologically significant species based on abundance, frequency, and Important Value Index metrics. Asian Palm Swift and House Crow were also frequently observed. Columbidae was the most species-rich family, followed by Cuculidae and Sturnidae. The seasonal shifts in avian community composition highlight the dynamic interplay between habitat characteristics, food availability, and climatic factors. The study underscores the importance of continued ecological monitoring and conservation planning in the region.