Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Population trend and conservation of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Austria (2012–2021) Cover

Population trend and conservation of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Austria (2012–2021)

Open Access
|May 2025

References

  1. Augst, U. 2000. Zur Biologie des Sakerfalken (Falco cherrug) am derzeit einzigen Brutplatz in Deutschland [The biology of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) at the currently only breeding site in Germany]. – Populationsökologie Greifvogel- und Eulenarten 4: 313–322. (in German)
  2. Bagyura, J., Fidlóczky, J. & Szitta, T. 2014. A Kerecsensólyom-védelmi Munkacsoport 2014. évi beszámolója [Annual Report of the Saker Falcon Conservation Working Group 2014]. – Heliaca 12: 18–25. (in Hungarian)
  3. Bagyura, J., Fidlóczky, J. & Szitta, T. 2015. A Kerecsensólyom-védelmi Munkacsoport beszámolója [Annual Report of the Saker Falcon Conservation Working Group 2015]. – Heliaca 13: 51–56. (in Hungarian)
  4. Bagyura, J., Prommer, M. & Szitta, T. 2022. Kerecsensólyom Falco cherrug J. E. Gray, 1834. – In: Haraszthy, L. & Bagyura, J. (eds.) Magyarország ragadozómadarai és baglyai (Vol. 2) [Raptors and owls of Hungary]. – Magyar Madártani és Természetvédelmi Egyesület, Budapest (in Hungarian)
  5. Bagyura, J., Szitta, T., Haraszthy, L., Demeter, I., Sándor, I., Dudás, M., Kállay, Gy. & Viszló, L. 2004. Population trend of the Saker Falcon Falco cherrug in Hungary between 1980 and 2002. – In: Chancellor, R. D. & Meyburg, B. U. (eds.) Raptors Worldwide. – WWGBP/MME, pp. 663–672.
  6. Bagyura, J., Szitta, T., Haraszthy, L., Viszló, L., Fidlóczky, J. & Prommer, M. 2012. Results of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) conservation programme in Hungary between 1980–2010. – Aquila 119: 105–110.
  7. Bauer, K. 1977. Present status of birds of prey in Austria. – In: Chancellor, R. (ed.) World Conference on Birds of Prey. – Report of Proceedings, Vienna, pp. 83–85.
  8. Bauer, H-G. 2020. Falco cherrug Saker Falcon. – In: Keller, V., Herrando, S., Voříšek, P., Franch, M., Kipson, M., Milanesi, P., Martí, D., Anton, M., Klvaňová, A., Kalyakin, M. V., Bauer, H-G. & Foppen, R. P. B. (eds.) European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. – European Bird Census Council & Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, p. 525.
  9. Baumgart, W. 1991. Der Sakerfalke. 3. überarbeitete Aufl. [The Saker Falcon]. – Neue Brehm Bücherei, Bd. 514. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg (in German)
  10. Baumgart, W. 1994. Saker Falco cherrug. – In: Tucker, G. M. & Heath, M. F. (eds.) Birds in Europe: Their Conservation Status. – BirdLife International (Conservation Series 3). – Cambridge, UK, pp. 198–199.
  11. Beran, V., Škorpíková, V., Valášek, M., Horal, D. & Horák, P. 2012. The breeding population of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in the Czech Republic between 1999–2010. – Aquila 119: 21–30.
  12. Berg, H-M. 2000. Zwischenbericht über die Kartierung der Sakerfalken (Falco cherrug). – Vorkommen in Österreich [Interim Report on the Mapping of Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug). – Occurrence in Austria]. – BirdLife Austria (in German)
  13. Berg, H-M. & Wichmann, G. 2014. Erhebung des Sakerfalken- Brutbestandes in Österreich 2014. Kurzbericht [Survey of the Saker Falcon Breeding Population in Austria 2014. Short Report]. – BirdLife Austria (in German)
  14. Berg, H-M., Wichmann, G., Zink, R. & Walter, T. 2017. Schutzprojekt für den Sakerfalken in Österreich. – Bericht 2016. [Conservation Project for the Saker Falcon in Austria. – Report 2016]. – University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology & BirdLife Austria. Report in co-operation with Austrian Power Grid AG, Vienna (in German)
  15. Burgenland Hunting Law (Bgld. Jagd G). 2017. Gesetz vom 9. März 2017 über die Regelung des Jagdwesens im Burgenland (Burgenländisches Jagdgesetz 2017) [Act of 9 March 2017 on the regulation of hunting in Burgenland (Burgenland Hunting Act 2017]. – version of 13.05.2020. StF: LGBl. Nr. 24/2017 (in German)
  16. BirdLife International 2021a Falco cherrug IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. – https://www.iucnredlist.org/en
  17. BirdLife International 2021b Falco cherrug (Europe assessment) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. – https://www.iucnredlist.org/en
  18. Bundesministerium für Verfassung, Reformen, Deregulierung und Justiz (BMJ) Federal Ministry of Justice 2022. Erlass des Bundesministeriums für Justiz vom 31. August 2022 über die Schädigung des Tier- und Pflanzenbestandes: Erheblichkeitsschwelle iZm § 181f und § 181g StGB [Decree of the Federal Ministry of Justice of 31 August 2022 on damage to animal and plant populations: Significance threshold in connection with Section 181f and Section 181g StGB]. – https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Erlaesse/ERL_BMJ_20220831_2022_0_359_645/ERL_BMJ_20220831_2022_0_359_645.pdf, Accessed: 21.10.2022. (in German)
  19. Chavko, J. 2010. Trend and conservation of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) population in western Slovakia between 1976 and 2010. – Slovak Raptor Journal 4(1): 1–22. DOI: 10.2478/v10262-012-0040-4
  20. Chavko, J. & Deutschová, L. 2012. Population of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Western Slovakia between 1976 and 2010. – Aquila 119: 57–64.
  21. Chavko, J., Lipták, J., Gális, M. & Slobodník, R. 2025. Distribution, abundance and breeding of the Saker Falcon in Slovakia in 1976–2022. – Ornis Hungarica 33(1): 110–126. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2025-0006
  22. Dereliev, S. & Ruskov, K. 2005. Diurnal visual migration between Balchik and Albena, NE Bulgaria in the autumn of 2003: A pilot case study at a site of a planned wind farm located on a major – 19 – T-PVS/Inf (2006) 2 revised Palearctic – African flyway. – In: Dereliev, S., Ruskov, K. & Iankov, P. (eds.) Results of the study of the migration of birds and bats in a location of a planned windpowerplant near the town of Balchik, northeastern Bulgaria: 43. BSPB/BirdLife Bulgaria. – Technical Report Series No2/2005, Sofia
  23. Dixon, A., Ragyov, D., Purev-Ochir, G., Rahman, Md. L., Batbayar, N., Bruford, M. W. & Zhan, X. 2016. Evidence for deleterious effects of harness-mounted satellite transmitters on Saker Falcons Falco cherrug. – Bird Study 63(1): 96–106. DOI: 10.1080/00063657.2015.1135104
  24. Dvorak, M., Landmann, A., Teufelbauer, N., Wichmann, G., Berg, H-M. & Probst, R. 2017. Erhaltungszustand und Gefährdungssituation der Brutvögel Österreichs: Rote Liste (5. Fassung) und Liste für den Vogelschutz prioritärer Arten (1. Fassung) [Conservation status and endangerment status of Austria’s breeding birds: Red List (5th version) and list of priority species for bird conservation (1st version)]. – Egretta 55: 6–42. (in German)
  25. Fidlóczky, J., Bagyura, J., Nagy, K., Tóth, P., Szitta, T. & Haraszthy, L. 2014. Bird conservation on electric-power lines in Hungary: Nest boxes for Saker Falcon and avian protection against electrocutions. Projects’ report. – Slovak Raptor Journal 8(2): 87–95. DOI: 10.2478/srj-2014-0010
  26. Gamauf, A. 1992. Status und Verbreitung der Greifvögel in Österreich [Status and distribution of birds of prey in Austria]. – Egretta 35(1): 82–84. (in German)
  27. Gamauf, A. 2012. A preliminary overview of raptor monitoring in Austria. – Acrocephalus 33: 159–166.
  28. Hauzenberger, I., Lenz, K., Loishandl-Weisz, H., Steinbichl, P. & Offenthaler, I. 2020. Erste österreichische Fallstudie zu rodentiziden Wirkstoffen in der Umwelt [First Austrian case study on rodenticidal active substances in the environment]. – Umweltbundesamt, Wien (in German)
  29. Hengl, T., Leal Parente, L., Krizan, J. & Bonannella, C. 2022. Continental Europe Digital Terrain Model. Distributed by OpenTopography DOI: 10.5069/G99021ZF Accessed: 2023-03-05
  30. Hohenegger, J., Zink, R., Berg, H-M. & Wichmann, G. 2020. Schutzprojekt für den Sakerfalken in Österreich. Bericht 2019. [Conservation Project for the Saker Falcon in Austria. Report 2019]. – Austrian Ornithological Centre & BirdLife Austria (in German)
  31. Horák, P. 2000. Development of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) population between 1976–1998 in Moravia (Czech Republic). – Buteo 11: 57–66.
  32. Kovács, A., Williams, N. P. & Galbraith, C. A. 2014. Saker Falcon Falco cherrug Global Action Plan (SakerGAP). – CMS Raptors MoU Coordinating Unit, Abu Dhabi, Bonn, Germany
  33. Nagy, S. & Demeter, I. 2006. International Action Plan for the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). – Council of Europe, Strasbourg
  34. Nemček, V., Chavko, J. & Deutschová, L. 2014. Movement of satellite-tracked juvenile Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug) in SW Slovakia. – Slovak Raptor Journal 8(2): 97–103. DOI: 10.2478/srj-2014-0011
  35. Newton, I. 1994. The role of nest sites in limiting the numbers of hole-nesting birds: a review. – Biological Conservation 70(3): 265–276. DOI: 10.1016/0006-3207(94)90172-4
  36. Nittinger, F., Gamauf, A., Pinsker, W., Wink, M. & Haring, E. 2007. Phylogeography and population structure of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) and the influence of hybridization: Mitochondrial and microsatellite data. – Molecular Ecology 16(7): 1497–1517. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03245.x
  37. Nittinger, F., Haring, E., Pinsker, W. & Gamauf, A. 2005. Are escaped hybrid falcons a threat to the Pannonian population of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug)? – In: Gamauf, A. & Berg, H-M. (eds.) Greifvögel und Eulen in Österreich [Birds of Prey, and Owls of Austria]. – Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien, pp. 21–26.
  38. Niederösterreich Jagdgesetz 1974. [Lower Austria Hunting Law 1974]. 2019. – NÖ Jagdgesetz 1974 (NÖ JG), StF: LGBl. 6500-0 (WV), version of 13.11.2019. (in German)
  39. Prommer, M. 2011. Electrocuted Sakers. – http://sakerlife2.mme.hu/en/content/electrocuted-sakers
  40. Prommer, M., Bagyura, J., Chavko, J. & Uhrin, M. 2012. Migratory movements of Central and Eastern European Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug) from juvenile dispersal to adulthood. – Aquila 119: 111–134.
  41. Prommer, M., Gavrilyuk, M. & Vetrov, V. 2014. Juvenile dispersal of Saker Falcons in Ukraine according to satellite telemetry. – Biologichni Nauki, Visnik Cherkatskogo Universitetu 36: 129–134.
  42. Prommer, M., Bagyura, L., Chavko, J., Škorpíková, V., Milobog, Y., Zink, R., Kmetova-Biro, E., Ajder, V., Gavrilyuk, M., Nagy, A., Hegyeli, Zs., Klisurov, I., Pužović, S., Fântână, C., Veres-Szászka, J. & Karyakin, I. 2025. Beyond borders: A decade of change in Europe’s Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug Gray, 1834) population (2012–2022). – Ornis Hungarica 33(1): 26–48. DOI: 10.2478/orhu-2025-0002
  43. Rozsypalová, L., Raab, R., Spakovszky, P., Rymešová, D., Zink, R., Kmetova-Biro, E., Škrábal, J. & Literák, I. 2022. Individual movements and habitat use in temporary settlement areas, wintering grounds and breeding areas of Saker Falcons Falco cherrug in the Pannonian Basin. – Acta Ornithologica 56(2): 227–204. DOI: 10.3161/00016454ao2021.56.2.009
  44. Schmidt, M. & Hohenegger, J. A. 2022. Kriterien und Schwellenwerte zur Beurteilung der Erheblichkeit von rechtswidrigen Eingriffen bei streng geschützten Vogelarten iSd §181f StGB [Criteria and thresholds for assessing the significance of unlawful interference with strictly protected bird species iSd §181f StGB]. – BirdLife Austria (in German)
  45. Senn, H. 1980. Ein weiterer Nachweis des Würgfalken (Falco cherrug) als Felsbrüter in den Kalkbergen des südlichen Wienerwald [A further record of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) as a rock breeder in the limestone mountains of the southern Vienna Woods]. – Egretta 23: 1–7. (in German)
  46. Škorpíková, V., Horal, D., Beran, V. & Camlík, G. 2019. The Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) population in the Czech Republic in 2011–2018. – Heliaca 15: 10–18.
  47. Straka, U. 1999. Erster Brutnachweis des Würgfalken Falco cherrug im Tullner Feld (Niederösterreich) – Erstnachweis einer Würgfalkenbrut am Mast einer Hochspannungsfreileitung in Österreich [First breeding evidence of Saker Falcon Falco cherrug in the Tullner Feld (Lower Austria) – First evidence of a Saker Falcon brood on the pylon of a high-voltage overhead line in Austria]. – Egretta 42(1–2): 167–168. (in German)
  48. Trgalová, V. & Chavko, J. 2016. Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug, Gray) and its relation to agricultural land in Slovakia. – Research Journal of Agricultural Science 48(1): 106–113.
  49. Umweltbundesamt. Federal Environment Agency. 2020. Prüfbericht Nr. 2010/0756 – Bestimmung von Blei und ausgewählten Rodentiziden in Gewebe von verschiedenen Greifvögeln (Seeadler, Kaiseradler, Rotmilan) [Test report no. 2010/0756 – Determination of lead and selected rodenticides in tissues of various birds of prey (White-tailed Eagle, Imperial Eagle, Red Kite)]. – Umwaltbundesamt, Wien (in German)
  50. Umweltdachverband 2008. Prioritätenliste der 50 bedrohtesten Tierarten Österreichs 1. [Priority List of the 50 Most Endangered Animal Species in Austria 1]. – Umweltdachverband, Wien (in German)
  51. WWF Österreich & BirdLife Österreich Wildtierkriminalität in Österreich [Wildlide Crime in Austria]. – (in prep.) (in German)
  52. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) 2022a Klima News. – https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/klima/news, Accessed: 24.06.2022. (in German)
  53. Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG) 2022b Klimamonitoring. – https://www.zamg.ac.at/cms/de/klima/klima-aktuell/klimamonitoring, Accessed: 24.06.2022. (in German)
  54. Zink, R. & Izquierdo, D. 2012. Erfolgskontrolle Sakerfalken-Nisthilfen Brutsaison 2011. [Monitoring the Success of Saker Falcon Nesting Aids in Breeding Season 2011]. – Internal Report. Austrian Ornithological Centre, VetMedUni Wien (in German)
  55. Zink, R. & Sachser, F. 2014. Erfolgskontrolle Sakerfalken – Nisthilfen: Brutsaison 2013. [Monitoring the Success of Saker Falcon Nesting Aids in Breeding Season 2013]. – Internal Report. Austrian Ornithological Centre, VetMedUni Wien (in German)
  56. Zink, R. & Sachser, F. 2015. Erfolgskontrolle Sakerfalken-Nisthilfen: Brutsaison 2014. Interner Bericht des Forschungsinstituts für Wildtierkunde und Ökologie [Monitoring the Success of Saker Falcon Nesting Aids in Breeding Season 2014]. – Internal Report, Austrian Ornithological Centre, VetMedUni Wien (in German)
  57. Zink, R., Walter, T., Berg, H-M. & Wichmann, G. 2018. Schutzprojekt für den Sakerfalken in Österreich. Bericht 2017. [Conservation Project for the Saker Falcon in Austria. Report 2017]. – Austrian Ornithological Centre & BirdLife Austria (in German)
  58. Zink, R., Walter, T., Wichmann, G. & Berg, H-M. 2016. Schutzprojekt für den Sakerfalken in Österreich. Bericht 2015. [Conservation Project for the Saker Falcon in Austria. Report 2015]. – Austrian Ornithological Centre & BirdLife Austria (in German)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2025-0003 | Journal eISSN: 2061-9588 | Journal ISSN: 1215-1610
Language: English
Page range: 49 - 69
Submitted on: Mar 24, 2023
Accepted on: Oct 28, 2024
Published on: May 15, 2025
Published by: MME/BirdLife Hungary
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year

© 2025 Richard Zink, Johannes A. Hohenegger, Hans-Martin Berg, Elena Kmetova-Biro, published by MME/BirdLife Hungary
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.