References
- Buse, A., Dury, S. J., Woodburn, R. J. W., Perrins, C. M. & Good, J. E. G. 1999. Effects of elevated temperature on multi-species interactions: the case of Pedunculate Oak, Winter Moth and tits. – Functional Ecology 13: 74–82. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00010.x10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00010.x
- Carlson, A. 1998. Territory quality and feather growth the White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos. – Journal of Avian Biology 29: 205–207. DOI: 10.2307/367720110.2307/3677201
- Catchpole, C. K. & Phillips, J. F. 1992. Territory quality and reproductive success in the Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata in Dorset, England. – Biological Conservation 61: 209–215. DOI: 10.1016/0006-3207(92)91118-C10.1016/0006-3207(92)91118-
- Daan, S., Dijkstra, C., Drent, R. & Meijer, T. 1988. Food supply and the annual timing of avian reproduction. – Proceedings of the International Ornithological Congress 19: 392–407.
- Gunther, E. & Hellmann, M. 1997. Der Mittelspecht und die Buche: Versuch einer Interpretation seines Vorkom-mens in Buchenwiddern [The Middle Spotted Woodpecker and the Beech: An attempt to interpret its occur-rence in beech rams]. – Ornithologische Jahresberichte des Museum Heineanum 15: 97–108. (in German)
- Immelmann, K. 1971. Ecological aspects of periodic reproduction. – In: Farner, D. S. & King, J. R. (eds.) Avian Biology 1: 342–389. Academic Press, New York
- Klomp, H. 1970. The determination of clutch size in birds. – Ardea 58: 1–124. DOI: 10.5253/arde.v58.p110.5253/arde.v58.p1
- Kosenko, S. M. & Kaygorodova, E. Yu. 2003. Ecological features of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius) in the Desna Polesie. – Ornithologia 30: 94–103 (in Russian)
- Kosiński, Z. & Ksit, P. 2006. Comparative reproductive biology of Middle Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos medius and Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major in a riverine forest. – Bird Study 53: 237–246. DOI: 0.1080/00063650609461438
- Mazgajski, T. D. 2002. Nesting phenology and breeding success in Great Spotted Woodpecker Picoides major near Warsaw (Central Poland). – Acta Ornithologica 37: 1–5. DOI: 10.3161/068.037.010110.3161/068.037.0101
- Michalek, K. G., Auer, J. A., Großberger, H., Schmalzer, A. & Winkler, K. 2001. Die Einflüsse von Lebensraum, Witterung und Waldbewirtschaftung auf die Brutdichte von Bunt- und Mittelspecht (Picoides major und P. medius) im Wienerwald [The effects of habitat, weather and forest management on the breeding density of Black and Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Picoides major and P. medius) in the Vienna forest]. – Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Museum Heineanum 5: 31–58. (in German)
- Michalek, G. & Winkler, H. 2001. Mating system and parentage in monogamous Great Spotted Woodpeckers (Picoides major) and Middle Spotted Woodpeckers (Picoides medius). – Behaviour 138: 1259–1285.
- Michalczuk, J. & Michalczuk, M. 2016. The reproductive biology of the Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syria-cus in a newly colonized area of south-eastern Poland. – Journal of Ornithology 157: 179–187. DOI: 10.1007/s10336-015-1265-710.1007/s10336-015-1265-7
- Muller, W. 1982. Die Besiedlung der Eichenwalder im Kanton Zurich durch den Mittelspecht Dendrocopos medius [The colonization of the oak forests in the canton of Zurich by the Middle Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos medius)] – Ornithologischer Beobachter 79: 105–119. (in German)
- Nappi, A. & Drapeau, P. 2009. Reproductive success of the Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) in burned boreal forests: are burns source habitats? – Biological Conservation 142(7): 1381–1391. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.01.02210.1016/j.biocon.2009.01.022
- Newton, I. 1989. Lifetime reproduction in birds. – Academic Press, London
- Pasinelli, G. 2001. Breeding performance of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius in relation to weather and territory quality. – Aredea 89(2): 353–361.
- Pasinelli, G. 2003. Dendrocopos medius Middle Spotted Woodpecker. – BWP Update 5(1): 49–99.
- Pasinelli, G. 2006. Population biology of European Woodpecker species: a review. – Annales Zoologici Fennici 43: 96–111.
- Perrins, C. M. 1970. The timing of birds’ breeding seasons. – Ibis 112: 242–255. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1970. tb00096.x10.1111/j.1474-919X.1970.tb00096.x
- Pettersson, B. 1985. Extinction of an isolated population of the Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius (L.) in Sweden and its relation to general theories on extinction. – Biological Conservation 32: 335–353. DOI: 10.1016/0006-3207(85)90022-910.1016/0006-3207(85)90022-9
- Saether, B. E. 1990. Age-specific variation in reproductive performance of birds. – Current Ornithology 7: 251–283.
- Schmitz, L. 1993. Distribution et habitat du Pic mar Dendrocopos medius en Belgique [Distribution and habitat of Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius in Belgium]. – Aves 30: 145–166. (in French)
- Stacey, P. B. & Ligon, J. D. 1987. Territory quality and dispersal options in the Acorn Woodpecker, and challenge to the habitat saturation model of cooperative breeding. – The American Naturalist 130: 654–676.
- Török, J. 1990. Resource partitioning among three woodpecker species Dendrocopos spp. during the breeding season. – Holarctic Ecology 13: 257–264. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00617.x10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00617.x
- Van Manen, W. 2012. Breeding biology of Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius in The Netherlands. – Limosa 85:161–170.
- Vierling, K. & Lentile, L. 2006. Red-headed Woodpecker nest-site selection and reproduction in mixed ponderosa pine and aspen woodland following fire. – The Condor 108(4): 957–962. DOI: 10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[957:RWNSAR]2.0.CO;210.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[957:RWNSAR]2.0.CO;2
- Walters, J. R. 1990. Red-cockaded Woodpeckers: a ‘primitive’ cooperative breeder. – In: Stacey, P. B. & Koenig, W. D. (eds.) Cooperative breeding in birds: long-term studies of ecology and behavior. – Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 69–101.
- Wiebe, K. L. 2001. Microclimate of tree cavity nests: is it important for reproductive success in Northern Flickers? – Auk 118: 412–421. DOI: 10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0412:MOTCNI]2.0.CO;210.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0412:MOTCNI]2.0.CO;2
- Wiktander, U., Nilsson, S. G., Olsson, O. & Stagen, A. 1994. Breeding success of a Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor population. – Ibis 136: 318–322. DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01101.x10.1111/j.1474-919X.1994.tb01101.x
- Wiktander, U., Olsson, O. & Nilsson, S. G. 2001. Annual and seasonal reproductive trends in the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor. – Ibis 143:72–82.
- Williamson, L., Garcia, V. & Walters, J. R. 2016. Life history trait differences in isolated populations of the endangered Red-cockaded Woodpecker. – Ornis Hungarica 24(1): 55–68. DOI: 10.1515/orhu-2016-000310.1515/orhu-2016-0003
- Winkler, H., Christie, D. & Nurney, D. 1995. Woodpeckers. A Guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets and Wrynecks of the World. – Pica Press, Sussex
- Zhu, X., Srivastava, D. S., Smith, J. N. & Martin, K. 2012. Habitat selection and reproductive success of Lewis’s Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) at its northern limit. – PLoS One 7(9): e44346. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0044346