Evaluating Attitudes Toward Microchip Implants: A Comparative Study of five Eastern European Countries
References
- Achille, R., Perakslis, C., & Michael, K. (2012). Ethical Issues to Consider for Microchip Implants in Humans. Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine, 3, 75–86. https://doi.org/10.1615/EthicsBiology-EngMed.2013007009
- Adhiarna, N., Hwang, Y. M., Park, M. J., & Rho, J. J. (2013). An integrated framework for RFID adoption and diffusion with a stage-scale-scope cubicle model: A case of Indonesia. International Journal of Information Management, 33(2), 378–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2012.10.001
- Aji, H. M., Berakon, I., & Md Husin, M. (2020). COVID-19 and e-wallet usage intention: A multigroup analysis between Indonesia and Malaysia. Cogent Business and Management, 7(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1804181
- Albrecht, K. (2010). Microchip-induced tumors in laboratory rodents and dogs: A review of the literature 1990-2006. 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, 337–349. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2010.5514622
- Al-Maroof, R. S., Salloum, S. A., Hassanien, A. E., & Shaalan, K. (2020). Fear from COVID-19 and technology adoption: The impact of Google Meet during Coronavirus pandemic. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1830121
- Banafa, A. (2022). Microchips in humans: Consumer-friendly app, or new frontier in surveillance? Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 78(5), 256–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/00963402.2022.2109330
- Bansal, G., Zahedi, F. M., & Gefen, D. (2015). Do context and personality matter? Trust and privacy concerns in disclosing private information online. Information & Management, 53(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2015.08.001
- Barbone, A., Meftah, M., Markiewicz, K., & Dellimore, K. (2019). Beyond wearables and implantables: A scoping review of insertable medical devices. Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express, 5(6). https://doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ab4b32
- Beaujean, A. A. (2014). Latent variable modeling using R: A step-by-step guide. In Latent variable modeling using R: A step-by-step guide. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315869780
- Boella, N., Gîrju, D., & Gurviciute, I. (2019). To Chip or Not to Chip? Determinants of Human RFID Implant Adoption by Potential Consumers in Sweden & the Influence of the Widespread Adoption of RFID Implants on the Marketing Mix. Lund University.
- Burton-Jones, A., & Hubona, G. S. (2006). The mediation of external variables in the technology acceptance model. Information & Management, 43(6), 706–717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.03.007
- Carr, N. K. (2020). As Society Strives for Reduced Contact during the Pandemic, How Can Human Microchipping Help? Villanova Law Review Online: Tolle Lege, 65, 46–60.
- Chebolu, R. D. (2021). Exploring Factors of Acceptance of Chip Implants in the Human Body. University of Central Florida.
- Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of Goodness of Fit Indexes to Lack of Measurement Invariance. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14(3), 464–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510701301834
- Cheung, G. W., & Lau, R. S. (2011). A Direct Comparison Approach for Testing Measurement Invariance. Organizational Research Methods, 15(2), 167–198. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428111421987
- Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_5
- Coggeshall, W. (2021, Spring). Morrison’s bill clarifying who must follow employee microchipping ban advances to House. Indiana House of Represenatative Republican Caucus. https://www.indianahouserepublicans.com/news/press-releases/morrison-s-bill-clarifying-who-must-follow-employee-microchip-ping-ban-advances-to-house/
- Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
- Dutta, S., Lanvin, B., & Wunsch-Vincent, S. (2020). Global innovation index 2020 (S. Dutta, B. Lanvin, & S. Wunsch-Vincent, Eds.; 13th ed.). Cornell University Press. https://doi.org/10.34667/tind.42316
- Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
- Foster, K. R., & Jaeger, J. (2007). RFID inside: The murky ethics of implanted chips. IEEE Spectrum, 44(3), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2007.323430
- Fram, B. R., Rivlin, M., & Beredjiklian, P. K. (2020). On Emerging Technology: What to Know When Your Patient Has a Microchip in His Hand. Journal of Hand Surgery, 45(7), 645–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.01.008
- Franks, C., & Smith, R. G. (2020). Identity crime and misuse in Australia: Results of the 2019 online survey.
- Franks, C., & Smith, R. G. (2021). Changing perceptions of biometric technologies. In AIS Research Report no. 20. https://doi.org/10.52922/rr78146
- Gagliardone, I., Diepeveen, S., Findlay, K., Olaniran, S., Pohjonen, M., & Tallam, E. (2021). Demystifying the COVID-19 Infodemic: Conspiracies, Context, and the Agency of Users. Social Media + Society, 7(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211044233
- Gangadharbatla, H. (2020). Biohacking: An exploratory study to understand the factors influencing the adoption of embedded technologies within the human body. Heliyon, 6(5), e03931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03931
- Garcia, A. R., Barros, D. V., de Oliveira Junior, M. C. M., Barioni Junior, W., da Silva, J. A. R., Lourenço Junior, J. de B., & dos Santos Pessoa, J. (2020). Innovative use and efficiency test of subcutaneous transponders for electronic identification of water buffaloes. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(6), 3725–3733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02410-7
- Gasson, M. N., & Koops, B.-J. (2013). Attacking Human Implants: A New Generation of Cybercrime. Law, Innovation & Technology, 5(2), 248–277. https://doi.org/10.5235/17579961.5.2.248
- Gillenson, M. L. (2019). I’ ve got you under my skin: The past, present, and future use of RFID technology in people and animals. Journal of Information Technology Management, XXX(2), 19–29.
- Graveling, R., Winski, T., & Dixon, K. (2018). The use of chip implants for workers. In Study for the EMPL Committee.
- Gu, F., Wu, Y., Hu, X., Guo, J., Yang, X., & Zhao, X. (2021). The Role of Conspiracy Theories in the Spread of COVID-19 across the United States. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073843
- Halpern, D., Valenzuela, S., Katz, J., & Miranda, J. P. (2019). From Belief in Conspiracy Theories to Trust in Others: Which Factors Influence Exposure, Believing and Sharing Fake News BT - Social Computing and Social Media. Design, Human Behavior and Analytics (G. Meiselwitz, Ed.; pp. 217–232). Springer International Publishing.
- Heffernan, K. J., Vetere, F., & Chang, S. (2016). Insertables: I’ve got it under my skin. Interactions, 23(1), 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1145/2843588
- Heffernan, K. J., Vetere, F., & Chang, S. (2017). Towards insertables: Devices inside the human body. First Monday, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v22i3.6214
- Hidayat-ur-Rehman, I., Ahmad, A., Akhter, F., & Ziaur Rehman, M. (2022). Examining Consumers’ Adoption of Smart Wearable Payments. SAGE Open, 12(3), 215824402211177. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221117796
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Huo, F. (2014). Aspects of RFID Securities. In X. Fan (Ed.), Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID): Emerging Technologies, Applications and Improvement Strategies (pp. 93–118). Nova Science Pub Inc.
- Imhoff, R., Lamberty, P., & Klein, O. (2018). Using Power as a Negative Cue: How Conspiracy Mentality Affects Epistemic Trust in Sources of Historical Knowledge. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 44(9), 1364–1379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218768779
- Jorgensen, T. D., S, P., Schoemann, A. M., Rosseel, Y., Miller, P., Quick, C., Garnier-Villarreal, M., Selig, J., Boulton, A., Preacher, K., Coffmann, D., Rhemtulla, M., Robitzsch, A., Enders, C., Arslan, R., Clinton, B., Panko, P., Merkle, E., Chesnut, S., … Ben-Shachar, M. S. (2020). Useful Tools for Structural Equation Modeling. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/sem-Tools/semTools.pdf
- Katz, J. E., & Rice, R. E. (2009). Public views of mobile medical devices and services: A US national survey of consumer sentiments towards RFID healthcare technology. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 78, 104–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2008.06.001
- Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford Publications.
- Koufteros, X. A. (1999). Testing a model of pull production: A paradigm for manufacturing research using structural equation modeling. Journal of Operations Management, 17(4), 467–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6963(99)00002-9
- Kozik, E. (2021). Jak troszczyć się o życie? Antyszczepionkowe narracje spiskowe w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne, 21(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.31261/SEIA.2021.21.01.02
- Łaszczyca, P. (2017). Człowiek i jego maszyny. Operatorzy i protezy [Man and His Machines. Operators and Prostheses]. Filo-Sofija, 4(1), 49–64.
- Lockton, V., & Rosenberg, R. S. (2005). RFID: The next serious threat to privacy. Ethics and Information Technology, 7(4), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-006-0014-2
- MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130
- Madrid, C., Korsvold, T., Rochat, A., & Abarca, M. (2012). Radio frequency identification (RFID) of dentures in long-term care facilities. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 107(3), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3913(12)60057-2
- Magnusson, P., & Mörner, S. (2021). EvaLuation Using Cardiac Insertable Devices And TelephonE in Hyper-trophic Cardiomyopathy (ELUCIDATE HCM): A prospective observational study on incidence of arrhythmias. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 32(1), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.14792
- Masyuk, M. A. (2019). Information security of RFID and NFC technologies. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1399(3), 033093. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1399/3/033093
- Meyer, H. J., Chansue, N., & Monticelli, F. (2006). Implantation of radio frequency identification device (RFID) microchip in disaster victim identification (DVI). Forensic Science International, 157(2–3), 168–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.10.001
- Miceli, G. N., & Brabaranelli, C. (2016). Structural Equations Modeling: Theory and Applications in Strategic Management. In G. B. Dagnino & C. M. C (Eds.), Research Methods for Strategic Management (pp. 98–136). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org//10.1155/2012/263953
- Michael, K. (2016). RFID/NFC implants for bitcoin transactions. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 5(3), 103–106. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2016.2556900
- Michael, K., Aloudat, A., Michael, M. G., & Perakslis, C. (2017). You Want to do What with RFID? Perceptions of radio-frequency identification implants for employee identification in the workplace. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(3), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCE.2017.2684978
- Michael, K., & Michael, M. G. (2010). The diffusion of RFID implants for access control and epayments: A case study on Baja Beach Club in Barcelona. IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society, 242–252. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISTAS.2010.5514631
- Michael, M. G., & Michael, K. (2010). Toward a State of Überveillance [Special Section Introduction]. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 29(2), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2010.937024
- Milanovicz, M. (2012). Szanse i zagrożenia społeczne stosowania technologii RFID [Social Opportunities and Threats Due to RFID Technology]. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Problemy Zarządzania, Finansów i Marketingu, 27, 57–69.
- Mohamed, M. A. (2020). Modeling of Subcutaneous Implantable Microchip Intention of Use. In T. Ahram, W. Karwowski, A. Vergnano, F. Leali, & R. Taiar (Eds.), Intelligent Human Systems Integration 2020 (pp. 842–847). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org//10.1007/978-3-030-39512-4_128
- Moosavi, S. R., Hakkala, A., Isoaho, J., Virtanen, S., & Isoaho, J. (2014). Specification Analysis for Secure RFID Implant Systems. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 6(2), 177–188. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2014.v6.858
- Morris, M. G., & Venkatesh, V. (2000). Age Differences in Technology Adoption Decisions: Implications for a Changing Work Force. Personnel Psychology, 53(2), 375–403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2000.tb00206.x
- Moscadelli, A., Albora, G., Biamonte, M. A., Giorgetti, D., Innocenzio, M., Paoli, S., Lorini, C., Bonanni, P., & Bonaccorsi, G. (2020). Fake News and Covid-19 in Italy: Results of a Quantitative Observational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 5850. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165850
- Nicholls, R. (2017). Implanting Military RFID: Rights and Wrongs. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 36(1), 48–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2017.2654288
- Oberhaus, D. (2018, November 15). How I Lost and Regained Control of My Microchip Implant. MOTHER-BOARD Tech by Vice.
- Olarte-Pascual, C., Pelegrín-Borondo, J., Reinares-Lara, E., & Arias-Oliva, M. (2021). From wearable to insideable: Is ethical judgment key to the acceptance of human capacity-enhancing intelligent technologies? Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106559
- Paaske, S., Bauer, A., Moser, T., & Seckman, C. (2017). The Benefits and Barriers to RFID Technology in Healthcare. On - Line Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(2).
- Pelegrín-Borondo, J., Reinares-Lara, E., & Olarte-Pascual, C. (2017). Assessing the acceptance of technological implants (the cyborg): Evidences and challenges. Comput. Hum. Behav., 70, 104–112.
- Perakslis, C., & Michael, K. (2012). Indian Millennials: Are microchip implants a more secure technology for identification and access control? Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Conference on Technology and Society in Asia, T and SA 2012, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSAsia.2012.6397977
- Perakslis, C., Michael, K., Michael, M. G., & Gable, R. (2014). Perceived barriers for implanting microchips in humans: A transnational study. 2014 IEEE Conference on Norbert Wiener in the 21st Century (21CW), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/NORBERT.2014.6893929
- Pettersson, M. (2017). Microchip implants and you: A study of the public perceptions of microchip implants. UMEA Universitet.
- Putnick, D. L., & Bornstein, M. H. (2016). Measurement invariance conventions and reporting: The state of the art and future directions for psychological research. Developmental Review, 41, 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2016.06.004
- Rodriguez, D. A. (2019). Chipping in at work: Privacy concerns related to the use of body microchip (‘RFID’) implants in the employer-employee context. Iowa Law Review, 104(3), 1581–1611.
- Rohei, M. S., Salwana, E., Shah, N. B. A. K., & Kakar, A. S. (2021). Design and Testing of an Epidermal RFID Mechanism in a Smart Indoor Human Tracking System. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(4), 5476–5486. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3036233
- Rosseel, Y. (2021). The lavaan tutorial (The Lavaan Tutorial, pp. 42–42). http://lavaan.ugent.be/tutorial/tutorial.pdf
- Rotter, B., Daskala, P., & Compañó, R. (2008). RFID implants: Opportunities and challenges in the identification and authentication of people. IEEE Technology and Society Magazine, 27(2), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1109/MTS.2008.924862
- Sabogal-Alfaro, G., Mejía-Perdigón, M. A., Cataldo, A., & Carvajal, K. (2021). Determinants of the intention to use non-medical insertable digital devices: The case of Chile and Colombia. Telematics and Informatics, 60, 101576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2021.101576
- Sapierzyński, R. (2017). Mięsaki poiniekcyjne u kotów – charakterystyka i rozpoznawanie [Feline injection-site sarcomas (FISSs) – characteristics and diagnosis]. Życie Weterynaryjne, 92(4), 260–267.
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
- Shafeie, S., Chaudhry, B. M., & Mohamed, M. (2022). Modeling Subcutaneous Microchip Implant Acceptance in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Survey about Concerns and Expectations. Informatics, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010024
- Siibak, A., & Otsus, M. (2020). “You Either Love It Immediately, or You Hate It” Reflections and Experiences of Estonian Employees With Microchip Implants. AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research, October. https://doi.org/10.5210/spir.v2020i0.11329
- Smith, C. (2008). Human microchip implantation. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 3(3), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242008000100015
- Suhail, M., Khan, A., Rahim, M. A., Naeem, A., Fahad, M., Badshah, S. F., Jabar, A., & Janakiraman, A. K. (2021). Micro and nanorobot-based drug delivery: An overview. Journal of Drug Targeting, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/1061186X.2021.1999962
- Sundaresan, S., Doss, R., & Zhou, W. (2015). RFID in Healthcare – Current Trends and the Future BT -Mobile Health: A Technology Road Map (S. Adibi, Ed.; pp. 839–870). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12817-7_36
- Teh, C. (2021, December 23). A Swedish company has created a microchip that allows users to carry their COVID vaccine passport under their skin. Insider.
- Turoń, K., Juzek, M., & Czech, P. (2015). Praktyczne porady dotyczące niezarobkowego przewozu zwierząt domowych na terenie Unii Europejskiej – aspekt prawny [Practical advices of non-profit trasnport domestic animals in the territory of European Union – legal aspect]. Zeszyty Naukowe. Transport Politechnika Śląska, 86, 99–107.
- Ullah, I., Khan, K. S., Tahir, M. J., Ahmed, A., & Harapan, H. (2021). Myths and conspiracy theories on vaccines and COVID-19: Potential effect on global vaccine refusals. Vacunas, 22(2), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacun.2021.01.001
- van der Togt, R., Bakker, Piet. J. M., & Jaspers, M. W. M. (2011). A framework for performance and data quality assessment of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems in health care settings. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 44(2), 372–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2010.12.004
- Venkatesh, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longitudinal Field Studies. Management Science, 46(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926
- Venkatesh, V., Thong, J., & Xu, X. (2012). Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory. MIS Quaterly, 36(1), 157–178.
- Werber, B., Baggia, A., & Žnidaršič, A. (2018). Factors Affecting the Intentions to Use RFID Subcutaneous Microchip Implants for Healthcare Purposes. Organ-izacija, 51(2), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2018-0010
- Žnidaršič, A., Baggia, A., Pavliček, A., Fischer, J., Rostanski, M., & Werber, B. (2021). Are we Ready to Use Microchip Implants? An International Crosssectional Study. Organizacija, 54(4), 275–292. https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2021-0019
- Žnidaršič, A., Werber, B., Baggia, A., Vovk, Maryna, Bevanda, Vanja, & Zakonnik, Lukasz. (2021, September 22). The intention to use microchip implants: Model extensions after the pandemics. SOR ’21 proceedings : the 16th International Symposium on Operational Research in Slovenia, online.
Language: English
Page range: 227 - 250
Submitted on: Nov 28, 2024
Accepted on: Mar 6, 2025
Published on: Aug 12, 2025
Published by: University of Maribor
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2025 Alenka Baggia, Lukasz Zakonnik, Maryna Vovk, Vanja Bevanda, Daria Maltseva, Stanislav Moissev, Borut Werber, Anja Žnidaršič, published by University of Maribor
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
