Figure 1
Location of the sampling sites in the Black Sea: a – September–October 2005; b – October 2010; c – August 2011; d – May 2013; e – depth map
Figure 2
Average intensity of solar radiation in the upper mixed layer, nitrate and ammonium concentration, C:Chl a ratio, phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration in the surface layer of the Black Sea in September–October 2005
Table 1
C:Chl a ratio, contribution of dinoflagellates (BDinofl.) and diatoms (BBacillar.) to the total phytoplankton biomass, the average volume of their cells (Vaver.), and some abiotic parameters of the surface layer of the Black Sea
| C:Chl a | BDinofl . [BBacillar.] | Vaver | N-NO3 [N-NH] 4 | IUML |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg mg−1) | (%) | (μm3) | (μM) | (E m−2 day−1) |
| September–October 2005 (n = 20) | ||||
| 52 ± 9 | 38 ± 4 [60 ± 6] | 6200 ± 1060 | 1.15 ± 0.30 [0.15 ± 0.02] | 5.0 ± 1.0 |
| 200 ± 23 | 17 ± 2 [72 ± 6] | 34 300 ± 4800 | 0.12 ± 0.02 [0.11 ± 0.03] | 11.8 ± 1.4 |
| October 2010 (n = 26) | ||||
| 60 ± 9 | 19 ± 6 [57 ± 8] | 1950 ± 500 | 1.16 ± 0.26 [1.19 ± 0.20] | 5.0 ± 0.5 |
| 171 ± 23 | 50 ± 11 [14 ± 10] | 2170 ± 620 | 0.32 ± 0.05 [0.57 ± 0.12] | 11.0 ± 0.4 |
| August 2011 (n = 24) | ||||
| 107 ± 8 | 30 ± 6 [61 ± 4] | 1500 ± 100 | 0.11 ± 0.01 [1.07 ± 0.15] | 16.0 ± 0.7 |
| 214 ± 22 | 55 ± 8 [45 ± 5] | 4600 ± 600 | 0.11 ± 0.03 [0.57 ± 0.01] | 27.0 ± 0.5 |
| May 2013 (n = 18) | ||||
| 104 ± 9 | 34 ± 4 [16 ± 6] | 140 ± 16 | 0.18 ± 0.02 [1.20 ± 0.10] | 24.0 ± 1.2 |
[i] Note: The table shows the average values of the parameters and their standard error, n – the number of measurements, IUML – the average value of the solar radiation intensity in the upper mixed layer
Figure 3
Average intensity of solar radiation in the upper mixed layer, nitrate and ammonium concentration, C:Chl a ratio, phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration in the surface layer of the Black Sea in October 2010
Figure 4
Average intensity of solar radiation in the upper mixed layer, nitrate and ammonium concentration, C:Chl a ratio, phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration in the surface layer of the Black Sea in August 2011
Figure 5
Average intensity of solar radiation in the upper mixed layer, nitrate and ammonium concentration, C:Chl a ratio, phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll a concentration in the surface layer of the Black Sea in May 2013