Determination of functional structure of soft-bottom marine macrobenthic communities of the Samsun Shelf Area using biological traits analysis

Traits	No.	Category	Trait code
Maximum size (mm)	1	< 10	S1
	2	11–20	S2
	3	21–100	S3
	4	101–200	S4
	5	201–500	S5
	6	> 500	S6
Bioturbation	1	Diffusive mixer	B1
	2	Surface deposition	B2
	3	Upward conveyor	B3
	4	Downward conveyor	B4
	5	None	B5
Morphology	1	Soft	M1
	2	Tunic	M2
	3	Exoskeleton	M3
	4	Crustose	M4
	5	Cushion	M5
	6	Stalked	M6
Longevity (year)	1	< 1	L1
	2	1–2	L2
	3	3–10	L3
	4	> 10	L4
Larval development strategy	1	Pelagic/planktotrophic	LD1
	2	Pelagic/lecithotrophic	LD2
	3	Benthic (direct)	LD3
Reproduction type	1	Asexual	RT1
	2	Sexual/eggs (pelagic)	RT2
	3	Sexual/eggs (benthic)	RT3
	4	Sexual/brood eggs	RT4
Living habit	1	Tube-dwelling	LH1
	2	Burrow-dwelling	LH2
	3	Free living	LH3
	4	Crevice/under stone	LH4
	5	Epi/endo zoic/phytic	LH5
	6	Attached to seabed	LH6
Sediment position	1	Surface	SP1
	2	Shallow infauna (0–5 cm)	SP2
	3	Mid-depth infauna (5–10 cm)	SP3
	4	Deep infauna (> 10 cm)	SP4
Feeding mode	1	Suspension	FM1
	2	Surface deposit	FM2
	3	Subsurface deposit	FM3
	4	Scavenger/opportunist	FM4
	5	Predator	FM5
	6	Parasite	FM6
Mobility	1	Sessile	Mob1
	2	Swim	Mob2
	3	Crawl/creep/climb	Mob3
	4	Burrower	Mob4

Table 2

Correlation ratios of traits on the first two FCA axes for all seasons

	winter		spring		summer		autumn
Correlation ratios	RS1	RS2	RS1	RS2	RS1	RS2	RS1	RS2
Relative inertia (%)	35	26	29	20	30	21	32	26
Maximum size	0.5490	0.1615	0.3597	0.1283	0.2874	0.0571	0.3890	0.5323
Bioturbation	0.0090	0.0271	0.0142	0.1117	0.1321	0.1815	0.0620	0.0312
Morphology	0.0092	0.0504	0.0068	0.0337	0.0446	0.2254	0.0032	0.0043
Longevity	0.4668	0.1531	0.2345	0.1897	0.0758	0.0542	0.2916	0.2357
Larval development strategy	0.3142	0.0633	0.1913	0.0591	0.0122	0.1098	0.2944	0.1232
Reproduction type	0.4610	0.4037	0.3905	0.4111	0.2464	0.0562	0.4806	0.2636
Living habit	0.2198	0.1312	0.1099	0.1487	0.1082	0.1958	0.1424	0.0241
Sediment position	0.1260	0.3558	0.3886	0.2892	0.2397	0.1433	0.3168	0.6197
Feeding mode	0.1712	0.2387	0.1783	0.0386	0.1842	0.0415	0.1741	0.0847
Mobility	0.0412	0.1900	0.2343	0.0438	0.2013	0.0071	0.8181	0.4361

Factor map showing the ordination of 48 modalities of 10 biological traits and factor map of sampling stations obtained by FCA for winter (d = 1 or d = 0.5 is a distance scale indicating the length of sides of gray squares)

Factor map showing the ordination of 48 modalities of 10 biological traits and factor map of the sampling stations obtained by FCA for spring

Factor map showing the ordination of 48 modalities of 10 biological traits and factor map of the sampling stations obtained by FCA for summer

Factor map showing the ordination of 48 modalities of 10 biological traits and factor map of the sampling stations obtained by FCA for autumn

Özellik	S						M						L				LD			RT				LH						SP				FM						Mob				B
Kategori	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	5
Terebellides	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
Nephtys	0	0	3	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	2	0	3	3	0	0	0	0
Phyllodoce	0	0	0	2	2	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
Palaeonemertea	0	1	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	0	3	3	3	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	2	3	1	0	0	0	0	2	3	0	0	0	3	0	1	1	0	0	0
Paraonidae	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	2	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0
Capitella	0	0	3	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	3	3	0	0	1	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	0
Capitellidae	0	0	3	3	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	3	3	3	1	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0
Nereis	0	0	3	3	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	3	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	3	0	3	3	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	0
Melinna	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	2	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Micronephthys	0	0	3	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	2	0	3	3	0	0	0	0
Lineidae	0	0	0	0	0	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	2	3	1	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	1	3	0	1	1	0	0	0
Harmothoe	0	2	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	3	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
Phoronida	0	0	3	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3
Upogebia	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	3	3	0	0	0
Brachynotus	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	3	3	0	0	0
Diogenes	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	2	1	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	0
Amphiura	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	3	3	0	0	0
Ampelisca	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	0
Apseudidae	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	3	3	0	3	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	1	0	0	0
Iphinoe	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	1	3	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	1	1	1	0	0	0
Leuconidae	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	2	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	1	1	1	0	0	0
Cyclope	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	3	0	0	0
Nassarius	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	0	0	0
Anthozoa	1	1	1	1	1	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	1	3	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	3	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3
Balanus	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Chamelea	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0
Anadara	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	1	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Abra	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Pitar	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
Donax	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
Mytilus	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0
Lucinella	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Spisula	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Striarca	0	2	2	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0
Papillicardium	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Gouldia	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Rotaliida	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0
Gammaropsis	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	0	0	0
Crangon	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Corophium	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	1	1	1	0	0	0
Molgulidae	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3
Calyptraea	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0
Retusidae	3	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	2	2	2	1	0	0	0
Hydrobiidae	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0
Pectinaria	0	0	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0
Mysta	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	1	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0
Spionidae	1	1	1	1	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	0	1	1	2	0	2	3	3	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	3	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Magelona	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0
Acanthocardia	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Modiolula	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0
Rapana	0	0	3	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	2	1	2	2	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	2	3	0	0	0	3	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	3	0
Gammarus	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	3	1	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	3	0	0	1	0	0	1	2	0	0	1	0	0	0
Lepidopleurina	1	2	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	1

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/oandhs-2021-0040 | Journal eISSN: 1897-3191 | Journal ISSN: 1730-413X

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Language: English

Page range: 473 - 487

Submitted on: Apr 19, 2021

Accepted on: Jul 1, 2021

Published on: Dec 3, 2021

Published by: University of Gdańsk

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

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© 2021 Ayşe Van, Aysun Gümüş, published by University of Gdańsk
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 50 (2021): Issue 4 (December 2021)

Determination of functional structure of soft-bottom marine macrobenthic communities of the Samsun Shelf Area using biological traits analysis

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Table 1

Table 2

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

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