Figure 1
Sampling area – Wadi Al-Bahayes in Oman (photo by Dr. Saud Al Jufaili)
Figure 2
Poecilia latipinna, Wadi Al Bahayes (Oman), 49.6 mm SL ♂, 50.6 mm SL ♀ (photo by Dr. Salim Serkan Güçlü)
Table 1
Age and sex distribution for females (F), males (M) and all P. latipinna specimens from Oman (N – Number of samples, N% – Percent of samples)
| Age | Females | Males | All | M:F | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | %N | N | %N | N | %N | ||
| 1 | 37 | 29.84 | 24 | 19.35 | 61 | 49.19 | 0.65:1.00 (p < 0.05) |
| 2 | 28 | 22.58 | 12 | 9.68 | 40 | 32.26 | 0.43:1.00 (p < 0.05) |
| 3 | 11 | 8.87 | 4 | 3.23 | 15 | 12.10 | 0.36:1.00 (p < 0.05) |
| 4 | 2 | 1.61 | 6 | 4.84 | 8 | 6.45 | 3.00:1.00 (p < 0.05) |
| ∑ | 78 | 62.90 | 46 | 37.10 | 124 | 100 | 0.59:1.00 (p < 0.05) |
Table 2
Size and age composition for females (F) and males (M) of P. latipinna
| Age class | I | II | III | IV | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total length (cm) | ♀ | ♂ | ♀ | ♂ | ♀ | ♂ | ♀ | ♂ | |
| 3.70–4.20 | 9 | 8 | 17 | ||||||
| 4.21–4.70 | 26 | 11 | 37 | ||||||
| 4.71–5.20 | 2 | 5 | 21 | 5 | 33 | ||||
| 5.21–5.70 | 7 | 7 | 1 | 15 | |||||
| 5.71–6.20 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 16 | ||||
| 6.21–6.70 | 1 | 3 | 4 | ||||||
| 6.71–7.20 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| 7.21–7.70 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
| ∑ | 37 | 24 | 28 | 12 | 11 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 124 |
| TL ± sd (min.–max) | |||||||||
| ♀ | 4.44 ± 0,04 (3.70–4.78) | 5.13 ± 0.03 (4.83–5.56) | 5.81 ± 0.02 (5.61–5.99) | 6.41 ± 0.17 (6.16–6.66) | 4.93 ± 0.06 (3.70–6.66) | ||||
| ♂ | 4.34 ± 0.07 (3.70–4.79) | 5.20 ± 0.04 (4.99–5.45) | 5.93 ± 0.02 (5.85–5.99) | 6.61 ± 0.19 (6.15–7.50) | 5.00 ± 0.12 (3.70–7.50) | ||||
Figure 3
Total length and weight in frequency distributions for P. latipinna in Oman (F = females, M = males, F + M = all specimens)
Figure 4
L∞ value according to the von Bertalanffy growth equation (a – males, b – females)
Table 3
Measured and calculated average total length values for each age in the von Bertalanffy growth equation
| Age (Year) | Observed average length (cm) | Expected average length (cm) | t test |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4.34 ♂ 4.44 ♀ | 4.30 ♂ 4.37 ♀ | p > 0.05 |
| 2 | 5.20 ♂ 5.13 ♀ | 5.15 ♂ 5.07 ♀ | p > 0.05 |
| 3 | 5.93 ♂ 5.81 ♀ | 5.91 ♂ 5.73 ♀ | p > 0.05 |
| 4 | 6.61 ♂ 6.41 ♀ | 6.57 ♂ 6.34 ♀ | p > 0.05 |
Figure 5
Total length–weight relationships (females, males and all specimens) of P. latipinna from Oman
Table 4
Comparison of the growth parameters of Poecilia species reported in different studies
| Species | Status | Locality | Ref. | N | TL (range) | W (range) | M:F | L∞ | k | t0 | Ø ' | a | b | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P. butleri | native | South Pacific, Mexico | 1 | 1868 | 1.5–6.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.023 | 3.27 | 0.968 |
| P. butleri | native | Gulf of California, Mexico | 2 | 44 | 1.75–5.54 | 0.18–5.54 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0026 | 3.13 | 0.99 |
| P. gillii | native | Chocó region, Ecuador | 3 | 601 | 1.36–5.21 | 0.06–4.52 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0233 | 3.16 | 0.969 |
| P. mexicana | native | Jalpan River, Mexico | 4 | 762 | 0.8–5.0 | 1.7–3.6 | 1.00:1.00 | - | - | - | - | 0.22 | 7.41 | 0.84 |
| P. mexicana | native | Grijalva River Basin, Mexico | 5 | 158 | 3.3–7.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0038 | 2.782 | 0.941 |
| P. reticulata | native | Santa Marta, Colombia | 6 | 231 | - | - | 0.69:1.00 | 39.8 | 0.21 | −0.91 | 2.52 | 0.008 | 3.045 | - |
| P. reticulata | native | Bodoquena Plateau, Brazil | 7 | 49 | 1.50–3.29 | 0.083–1.03 | 0.0219 | 3.09 | 0.965 | |||||
| P. reticulata | native | Mundaú River Basin, Brazil | 8 | 204 | 1.0–2.6 | 0.01–0.17 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.009 | 2.982 | 0.807 |
| P. reticulata | native | Humid forest enclaves, Brazil | 9 | 840 | 0.63–4.13 | 0.004–1.85 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0216 | 3.107 | 0.966 |
| P. sphenops | native | South Pacific, Mexico | 1 | 1604 | 1.8–7.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.034 | 3.00 | 0.978 |
| P. sphenops | native | Grijalva River Basin, Mexico | 5 | 58 | 3.0–7.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0028 | 2.970 | 0.979 |
| P. velifera | native | Yucatan, Mexico | 10 | 89 | 1.4–5.2 | 0.10–6.40 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.022 | 3.302 | 0.972 |
| P. velifera | alien | Songkhla, Thailand | 11 | 6.033 | 0.7–6.9 | - | 1.00:1.80 | 73.58 | 0.82 | 0.99 | - | 0.000013 ♂ 0.000014 ♀ | 3.237 ♂ 3.194 ♀ | 0.986 ♂ 0.987 ♀ |
| P. vivipara | native | Coastal Lagoons, Brazil | 12 | 318 | 1.0–6.0 | 0.01–3.27 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.008 | 3.368 | 0.96 |
| P. vivipara | native | Guaratiba Mangrove, Brazil | 13 | 555 | 1.8–7.8 | 0.07–6.48 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.0078 | 3.28 | 0.97 |
| P. vivipara | native | Atlantic coastal drainage, Brazil | 14 | 24 | 2.06–4.07 | 0.11–0.95 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.00795 | 3.49 | 0.961 |
| P. latipinna | native | Everglades, USA | 15 | 1671 | 0.6–5.4 | - | 0.31:1.00 | - | - | - | - | 0.0267 | 2.880 | 0.930 |
| P. latipinna | native | Gulf of Mexico, USA | 16 | 14 | 2.6–.5.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6674 | 2.90 | 0.94 |
| P. latipinna | alien | Indonesia | 17 | 1062 | 2.6–7.6 | - | 0.53:1.00 | - | - | - | - | 0.00003 | 3.02 | 0.85 |
| P. latipinna | alien | Wadi Al-Bahayes, Oman | This study | 124 | 3.7–7.5 | 0.77–4.81 | 0.59:1.00 | 11.46 ♂ 14.51 ♀ | −0.127 ♂ −0.072 ♀ | −2.71♂ −3.98♀ | 1.22 ♂ 1.18 ♀ | 0.0272 ♂ 0.0151 ♀ 0.0214 ♂+♀ | 2.5907 ♂ 3.0398 ♀ 2.7889 ♂ + ♀ | 0.9579 ♂ 0.9368 ♀ 0.9212 ♂ + ♀ |
[i] References; 1: Velázquez-Velázquez et al. 2009; 2: Moreno Sa′nchez et al. 2012; 3: Jiménez-Prado et al. 2018; 4: Bermúdez-González et al. 2020; 5: Velázquez-Velázquez et al. 2015; 6: Garcia et al. 2008; 7: Severo-Neto et al. 2018; 8: Terra et al. 2017; 9: Gurgel-Lourenço et al. 2017; 10: Vega-Cendejas et al. 2017; 11: Sa-nguansil 2009; 12: Franco et al. 2014; 13: da Costa et al. 2014;; 14: Gasparini et al. 2016; 15: Klassen et al. 2004; 16: Morris 2005; 17: dan Hasnidar 2019