Establishment and range expansion of non-native fish species facilitated by hot springs: the case study from the Upper Sakarya Basin (NW, Turkey)

Aksu, Sadi; Başkurt, Sercan; Emiroğlu, Özgür; Tarkan, Ali Serhan

doi:10.2478/oandhs-2021-0021

Figures & Tables

Sampling locations in the Upper Sakarya Basin

Aquarium fish found in hot springs in Yenisofça (A – Xiphophorus sp., B – Bujurguina vittata, C – Poecilia cf. reticulate) by Sadi Aksu

Variation in physicochemical values in water samples collected from the Upper Sakarya Basin

Kernel density analysis generated for non-native species in the upper and lower Sakarya Basin

Kernel density analysis generated for native endemic species in the upper and lower Sakarya Basin

Constrained ordination relating fish species data to predictor variables. Distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) of zero-adjusted Bray–Curtis dissimilarities calculated from presence/absence data vs minimum and maximum temperatures, identified as the best two variable model using the AICc selection criterion. Colors denote the sampling locations in the Sakarya River Basin. N – Normal, H – Hot springs

Non-native species distribution in the Upper Sakarya Basin

Species	Distribution	Literature & Sampling (S)
Carassius auratus	3,5	S
Carassius gibelio	1,2,3,4,5,6,7	S
Gambusia holbrokii	7	S
Pseudorasbora parva	1,4,5,6,7	S
Poecilia cf. reticulata	2	S
Xiphophorus cf. maculatus	2	S
Oncoryhncus mykis	5	S
Pterygoplichthyes disjunctivus	3	S
Pterygoplichthyes pardalis	3	S
Clarias batrachus	2	S
Clarias gariepinus	5,6,7	S
Oreochromis niloticus	5,6,7	S
Bujurguina vittata	2	S
Pangasius sanitwongsei	4,8	(Yoğurtçuoğlu & Ekmekçi 2018)

Sampling locations in the Sakarya Basin

	Location	Typology	Longitude	Latitude
1	Altıntaş	Stream	30.040537	39.151980
2	Yenisofça	Spring	30.356515	39.627796
3	Sarısu	Spring&Stream	30.128475	39.816556
4	Eskisehir	Stream	30.485606	39.762885
5	Seydisuyu	Stream	30.593632	39.357843
6	Sakaryabaşı	Spring&Stream	31.059387	39.353635
7	Balıkdamı wetland	Spring&Stream	31.617270	39.190264
8	Sarıyar	Reservoir	31.666131	40.064000

j_oandhs-2021-0021_apptab_001

Family	Species	Status	Literature &S
Petromyzontidae	^Lampetra lanceolata*	E	Özuluğ et al. 2007; Çiçek et al. 2020
Acipenseridae	^Acipenser stellatus*	N	Memiş et al. 2019
	^Acipenser gueldenstaedtii*	N	Memiş et al. 2019
	^Acipenser ruthenus*	N	Erençin 1978
	^Acipenser sturio*	N	Memiş 2014
	^Acipenser nudivenris*	N	Memiş 2014; Memiş et al. 2019
	^Huso huso*	N	Memiş et al. 2019
Anguillidae	^Anguilla anguilla*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
Clupeidae	^Alosa maeotica*	E	Özuluğ et al. 2007
Clupeidae	^Clupeonella muhlisi*	E	Özuluğ et al. 2007
Cobitidae	^Cobitis simplicispina	E	S
Cobitidae	^Cobitis emrei*	E	Freyhof et al. 2018
Nemacheilidae	^Oxynoemacheilus angorae	E	S
	^*Oxynoemacheilus cf. samanticus	E	Aksu et al. 2018 & S
	^*Oxynoemacheilus cf.kosswigi	E	Aksu et al. 2018 & S
	^*Seminemacheilus lendlii	E	Yoğurtçuoğlu et al (2020) & S
Cyprinidae	^*Barbus escherichii	E	S
	^Barbus tauricus*	E	Turan et al. 2018
	^Capoeta baliki	E	S
	^Capoeta sieboldii	N	Erençin, 1978&S
	^Capoeta tinca	E	Bektaş et al.2017; Kaya, 2020
	^Carassius auratus	I/A	S
	^Carassius carassius*	I/A	Emiroğlu et al. 2012; Duman & Helli, 2019
	^Carassius gibelio	I/A	Duman & Helli, 2019 & S
	^Cyprinus carpio	N	Erençin, 1978; Memiş et al. 2019 & S
Tincidae	^Tinca tinca	N	Memiş et al. 2019 & S
Acheilognathidae	^Rhodeus amarus	N	S
Gobionidae	^Gobio sakaryaensis	E	Turan et al. 2012 & S
Gobionidae	^Pseudorasbora parva	I/A	S
Leuciscidae	^Abramis brama*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
	^Alburnoides kosswigi	E	Turan et al. 2017 & S
	^Alburnus derjugini*	E	Bektaş et al. 2020
	^Alburnus escherichii	E	S
	^Leuciscus aspius*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
	^Blicca bjoerkna*	N	Duman&Helli, 2019 & S
	^Chondrostoma angorense	E	S
	^Petroleuciscus borysthenicus*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
	^Rutilus rutilus	N	Duman & Helli 2019 & S
	^Scardinius erythrophthalmus	N	Memiş et al. 2019 & S
	^Squalius cephalus*	E	Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
	^Squalius pursakensis	E	S
	^Vimba vimba	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
Serrasalmidae	^Pygocentrus nattereri*	I/A	Tarkan 2006
Loricariidae	^*Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus	I/A	S
Loricariidae	^*Pterygoplichthys pardalis	I/A	S
Pangasiidae	^*Pangasius sanitwongsei	I/A	Yoğurtçuoğlu & Ekmekçi, 2018
Siluridae	^Silurus glanis	N	Erençin, 1978; Özuluğ et al. 2007; MEMİŞ et al. 2019 & & S
Claridae	^*Clarias batrachus	I/A	S
Claridae	^*Clarias gariepinus	I/A	S
Esocidae	^Esox lucius	N	Erençin, 1978; Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
Salmonidae	^*Oncorhynchus mykiss	I/A	Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
	^Salmo* cf. coruhensis	E	Özuluğ et al. 2007
	^Salmo* cf. rizeensis	E	Özuluğ et al. 2007
Syngnathidae	^Syngnathus abaster*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
	^Syngnathus tenuirostris*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
	^Syngnathus tenuirostris*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
	^Syngnathus nigrolineatus*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
Gobiidae	^Babka gymnotrachelus*	N	Duman & Helli 2019
	^Knipowitschia caucasica*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
	^Neogobius fluviatilis	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
	^Neogobius melanostomus*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007 & S
	^Ponticola syrman*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
	^Proterorhinus marmoratus*	N	Duman & Helli 2019
Cichlidae	^*Bujurquina vittata	I/A	S
Cichlidae	^*Oreochromis niloticus	I/A	S
Atherinidae	^Atherina boyeri*	N	Özuluğ et al. 2007
Atherinidae	^Atherina pontica*	N	Geiger et al. 2014
Aphaniidae	^*Anatolichthys villwocki	E	S
Poeciliidae	^Gambusia holbrooki	I/A	Kurtul & Sari, 2019 & S
	^*Poecilia cf. reticulata	I/A	S
	^*Xiphophorus cf. maculatus	I/A	S
Mugilidae	^Mugil cephalus*	N	Bozcaartmutlu et al. 2015
Mugilidae	^Planiliza haematocheilus*	N	Bozcaartmutlu et al. 2009
Centrarchidae	^Lepomis gibbosus*	I/A	Duman & Helli 2019 & S
Percidae	^Perca fluviatilis*	N	Duman & Helli 2019 & S

Results of distance-based multivariate analysis for a linear model (DISTLM) for physicochemical variables_ Significant results are indicated in bold_

Variable	Marginal test			Sequential test
Variable	SS (trace)	Pseudo-F	p	SS (trace)	Pseudo-F	p
Minimum Temperature (°C)	2996.4	1.914	0.103	2996.4	1.194	0.101
Maximum Temperature (°C)	830.8	0.431	0.889	2996.4	1.194	0.097
pH	1749.7	0.987	0.481
Conductivity (μS cm⁻¹)	1449.8	0.795	0.563
Dissolved Oxygen (mg l⁻¹)	2472	1.496	0.172
DOS	1421.7	0.778	0.631
Salinity (PSU)	1762.1	0.995	0.451

Physicochemical parameters of water in the Upper Sakarya Basin

Localities	Minimum Temperature (°C)	Maximum Temperature (°C)	pH	Conductivity (μS cm⁻¹)	Dissolved Oxygen (mg l⁻¹)	Salinity (PSU)
1	2.2	27.5	8.50	670	7.82	0.21
2	19.1	25.3	8.50	540	7.45	0.22
3	15.8	26.9	7.46	495	7.65	0.24
4	3.6	23.8	7.98	580	8.40	0.35
5	2.0	24.5	7.45	450	8.50	0.26
6	15.2	25.4	8.02	726	7.40	0.46
7	16.0	26.0	7.05	1041	7.02	0.54
8	2.0	27.0	8.38	929	8.56	0.50

Establishment and range expansion of non-native fish species facilitated by hot springs: the case study from the Upper Sakarya Basin (NW, Turkey)

Figures & Tables

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Figure 2

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Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Non-native species distribution in the Upper Sakarya Basin

Sampling locations in the Sakarya Basin

j_oandhs-2021-0021_apptab_001

Results of distance-based multivariate analysis for a linear model (DISTLM) for physicochemical variables_ Significant results are indicated in bold_

Physicochemical parameters of water in the Upper Sakarya Basin

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