Chemical and radiochemical characterization of phosphogypsum from Poland

Figures & Tables

Elements	Concentration (mg/kg)	Elements	Concentration (mg/kg)
Antimony	0.12–0.15	Manganese	22.96–25.18
Arsenic	4.76–5.23	Molybdenum	2.14–2.36
Barium	476.3–522.5	Neodymium	685.9–752.5
Beryllium	0.27–0.31	Nickel	12.54–13.75
Cadmium	0.06–0.08	Praseodymium	200.5–220.0
Cerium	2036–2234	Samarium	97.4–106.8
Cobalt	3.35–3.69	Selenium	6.46–7.10
Copper	19.77–21.69	Silver	0.61–0.67
Dysprosium	41.92–45.97	Terbium	10.23–11.23
Erbium	15.45–16.95	Thallium	0.01–0.02
Europium	26.98–29.58	Thorium	9.92–10.88
Gadolinium	117.2–128.6	Thulium	1.21–1.32
Holmium	6.26–6.87	Uranium	0.67–0.72
Iron	1024–1124	Vanadium	12.27–13.46
Lanthanum	1408–1545	Ytterbium	5.46–5.99
Lead	3.36–3.72	Zinc	14.57–15.99
Lutetium	0.54–0.61

Isotope	Energy (keV)	Combined activity ± uncertainty (Bq/kg)	A/A_background
²¹⁴Pb	53.2, 241.9, 258.8, 351.9	2.13 ± 0.004	2.7
²¹⁴Bi	79.7, 609.3, 768.4, 934.1	1.33 ± 0.001	2.5
²⁰⁸Tl	84.9	1.25 ± 0.002	1.9
²¹²Pb	87.3, 115.2, 238.6	1.16 ± 0.004	2.1
²³⁵U	89.95, 93.9, 109.2, 185.7	0.192 ± 0.011	1.48
²²⁸Ac	99.5, 129.1, 129.1, 153.9, 199, 209.2	5.76 ± 0.068	1.8
⁴⁰K	1460.8	0.132 ± 0.001	3.0

Country/Radioisotope	Activity concentration (Bq/kg)
Country/Radioisotope	²²⁶Ra	²³²Th	²³⁸U	⁴⁰K	Reference
Spain	670	2	220	39	[13]
Egypt	459	40	140	2	[14]
USA (Florida)	1140	2	130	14	[15]
Tunisia	188	2	600	3	[16]
Serbia	600	3	–	47	[16]
Croatia	811	8	–	13	[16]
Czech Republic	115	31	–	95	[16]
Morocco	160	20	190	10	[17]
Togo	100	13	150	3	[16]
Greece	573	2.2	29	562.4	[18]
Worldwide range	162–5126	2.1–35.2	15–60	15–1410	[17, 18]
Poland, Wizów	77.44	25.96	4.73	0.13	Current study