Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
![General stratigraphic section of study area (a) Zonguldak-Kozlu [18], (b) Konya-Karapınar [19], (c) Antalya-Pamucakyayla [20].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/667ab072dd1c3d1f8713e9a5/j_nuka-2024-0014_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKHT3FVB6H%2F20260122%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260122T154930Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEBgaDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIQCAWO2cl5lYowTk%2B%2BpBKkcnYZNBBLvccIofd0epntPvIgIgbjHhh32XRMf6uE3%2F4jknS5qJhJd1FsBhevl1o84rnzwqxgUI4f%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDB4OeJ9SK3DHD%2FLVmCqaBUCWjj39M6QWbd2v%2FxytZfazhyiD5OUciaDZjLKHEGfp4e6RFQm%2Bm%2BQJu1G7C%2FbcXwAjPO9M4BsDMJIK%2FdHnJxZmQbhtEMH69xhilVpB4BLQnht1uTvz8iHDN1iOkPZ3VVAwRTc5hX4X9boV1X0YhWIRSYpOLmINGIhlDsE281U1lPAe4LPWLsDbttJMCWAO60GwR95R%2F4MdGp5GNRZJU95s8Gw%2FHb6cE1K74ChMH%2BSJ7x%2FuhHUTqUm4DugjI3JV2TZEA5dOlwPxQ9GntxCLDlDhYBxi71Wru5PCB6gw6lZgSbi9G5WAcrVYrvcU%2BecEsMm0k0Qk3%2B%2Fq2yOPxz4i9%2BUKSi%2B3IVrdn0cngghc6ejvfl6hqVrWMja6OhSeHqvg0dX%2BmtN7MdGOXanyk4z9RX36emcryhVEmjX3SXKuoosa3m%2BV8IeNda1Umlg3NG3KMuje9lv7RW99iwMjDS0CAyJ%2Ff7mqEhZnDKJT2KuwZxSw4NAMDOusCck7Rl1%2BaA6zXVuQn5ZNE6CyNBySkpjTdFWdTOBGl5KJz2A92BTmhpFQ8LceS5W%2Fgqmqqiy4x0XrmIt%2BFi2Zk6qFS73%2FAVLNFPxyAAwrXWo2tukKnmBsGZGFG0%2F5go6cBiS%2BnCBsAp1eQ9AWAecilb%2Fvqn%2BL6cZFnNXVTbTJ7bGBX%2Fqnq7Mk2RRjfwdstqUsFrd2JCASfphDZXNZq5sj1oUjdtvr1EJM7o2Mv9SBFmVpev2Nol0epH5hrDfTMPt0roBN4Mp3DxYA3qhgjNJu%2Bdz3oHCsMKbXFW1RYK8GYaN9SL6S%2Fq4C6cS1hkxdDl9%2F1kQ%2FU6ZHMW01Kfs3s13P3A22CXx8fCOoDxWOkYAyisAKt9npW7vwBXfrpw8mVq%2BmiqN%2F3zDGiMnLBjqxAbAmlp206En3ODPYmUvKuGmkXc5eD%2FEFFyVobiJHxdZJJzrCKdjIvU8MNoVvFQQfyAAA33zsI74dfEI09lhqzj5%2BtReHIR%2Bk1gzDbPvRV6%2BSXpvlmLmHbpJS2GDieA8%2FqUjsmSwAAA%2Ba7l1%2Bh2M2sNI%2FGREdF78TQB0mtFhXVMB8kkWOfKHuCJxuKQuZVAFDdJfQyzO0ftVguuTPgVi7Vaty4wE7oFzrLD7Zn%2B9BygZjwg%3D%3D&X-Amz-Signature=0f7da236dfaff9cf5e5df2fa376905fa7fbe064a215a4b231a96a8e5987f1fcb&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Descriptive statistics for 238U, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations of coal samples
| Site: Zonguldak-Kozlu (12 samples) | 238U (Bq·kg−1) | 232Th (Bq·kg−1) | 40K (Bq·kg−1) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | 16.2 | 20.6 | 283.9 | |
| Max | 25.5 | 39.2 | 375.7 | |
| Mean SEM | 19.5 ± 3.1 | 29.5 ± 3.4 | 321.7 ± 54.1 | |
| 25 | 17.6 | 23.2 | 290.5 | |
| Percentile | 50 | 18.9 | 29.3 | 319.2 |
| 75 | 20.7 | 34.6 | 351.5 | |
| Site: Konya-Karapınar (12 samples) | 238U (Bq·kg−1) | 232Th (Bq·kg−1) | 40K (Bq·kg−1) | |
| Min | 109.4 | 30.5 | 308.8 | |
| Max | 227.6 | 52.0 | 515.5 | |
| Mean SEM | 181.2 ± 18.0 | 43.7 ± 5.5 | 432.3 ± 65.5 | |
| 25 | 156.3 | 35.5 | 389.6 | |
| Percentile | 50 | 186.2 | 46.4 | 436.5 |
| 75 | 203.4 | 51.0 | 475.5 | |
| Site: Antalya-Pamucakyayla (12 samples) | 238U (Bq·kg−1) | 232Th (Bq·kg−1) | 40K (Bq·kg−1) | |
| Min | 113.1 | 28.2 | 211.9 | |
| Max | 219.5 | 67.5 | 373.1 | |
| Mean SEM | 159.6 ± 12.3 | 45.0 ± 6.4 | 302.1 ± 50.2 | |
| 25 | 138.0 | 35.3 | 261.7 | |
| Percentile | 50 | 160.8 | 45.9 | 320.5 |
| 75 | 181.7 | 50.7 | 339.2 | |
Summary of the analysis of standard materials
| Standard | Reference value (Bq·kg−1) | Measured value (Bq·kg−1) |
|---|---|---|
| RGU-1 | 4 940 ± 30 | 4 958 ± 70 |
| RGTh-1 | 3 250 ± 90 | 3 280 ± 67 |
| RGK-1 | 14 000 ± 400 | 14 543 ± 459 |
Descriptive statistics of radiological risk parameters
| Site | Samples | D (nGy·h−1) | Raeq (Bq·kg−1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Min | Max | Mean | Min | Max | Mean | ||
| Zonguldak-Kozlu | 12 | 33.3 | 47.9 | 40.7 ± 5.8 | 40.8 | 58.8 | 49.9 ± 8.9 |
| Konya-Karapınar | 12 | 90.9 | 173.8 | 140.7 ± 39.3 | 111.6 | 213.2 | 172.5 ± 39.7 |
| Antalya-Pamucakyayla | 12 | 107.5 | 144.1 | 128.2 ± 27.4 | 131.9 | 176.7 | 157.2 ± 23.5 |
| Site | Samples | Annual equivalent dose (μSv·year−1) | Hin | ||||
| Min | Max | Mean | Min | Max | Mean | ||
| Zonguldak-Kozlu | 12 | 69.7 | 103.4 | 86.4 ± 20.2 | 0.23 | 0.35 | 0.32 |
| Konya-Karapınar | 12 | 192.7 | 381.3 | 304.1 ± 64.1 | 0.82 | 1.59 | 1.13 |
| Antalya-Pamucakyayla | 12 | 234.3 | 311.5 | 276.9 ± 56.6 | 0.94 | 1.40 | 1.25 |