Have a personal or library account? Click to login

Summer–winter contrast in carbon isotope and elemental composition of total suspended particulate matter in the urban atmosphere of Krakow, Southern Poland

Open Access
|Jul 2020

References

  1. 1. Baklanov, A., Molina, L. T., & Gauss, M. (2016). Megacities, air quality and climate. Atmos. Environ., 126, 235–249. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.059.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.059
  2. 2. World Human Organization. (2016). Urban Ambient Air Pollution database – Update 2016. Retrieved August 20, 2019, from www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities-2016/en/.
  3. 3. Molina, L. T., Madronich, S., Gaffney, J. S., Apel, E., de Foy, B., Fast, J., Ferrare, R., Herndon, S., Jimenez, J. L., Lamb, B., Osornio-Vargas, A. R., Russell, P., Schauer, J. J., Stevens, P. S., Volkamer, R., & Zavala, M. (2010). An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8697–8760. DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010.10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010
  4. 4. Guo, S., Hu, M., Zamora, M. L., Peng, J., Shang, D., Zheng, J., Du, Z., Wu, Z., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Molina, M. J., & Zhang, R. (2014). Elucidating severe urban haze formation in China. PNAS, 111(49), 17373–17378. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1419604111.10.1073/pnas.1419604111
  5. 5. Zou, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., & Koo, J. -H. (2017). Arctic sea ice, Eurasia snow, and extreme winter haze in China. Sci. Adv., 3(3), e1602751. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602751.10.1126/sciadv.1602751
  6. 6. Fang, G. -C., Wu, Y. -S., Huang, S. -H., & Rau, J. -Y. (2005). Review of atmospheric metallic elements in Asia during 2000–2004. Atmos. Environ., 39(17), 3003–3013. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.042.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.042
  7. 7. Rodriguez, S., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., & la Rosa, J. D. (2007). Atmospheric particulate matter and air quality in the Mediterranean: a review. Environ. Chem. Lett., 5(1), 1–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10311-006-0071-0.10.1007/s10311-006-0071-0
  8. 8. Cuccia, E., Massabo, D., Ariola, V., Bove, M. C., Fermo, P., Piazzalunga, A., & Prati, P. (2013). Size-resolved comprehensive characterization of airborne particulate matter. Atmos. Environ., 67, 14–26. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.045.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.045
  9. 9. Lammel, G., Rohrl, A., & Schreiber, H. (2002). Atmospheric lead and bromine in Germany. Post abatement levels, variabilities and trends. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 9(6), 397–404. DOI: 10.1007/BF02987589.10.1007/BF02987589
  10. 10. Vallius, M., Janssen, N. A. H., Heinrich, J., Hoek, G., Ruuskanen, J., Cyrys, J., Van Grieken, R., de Hartog, J. J., Kreyling, W. G., & Pekkanen, J. (2005). Sources and elemental composition of ambient PM2.5 in three European cities. Sci. Total Environ., 337(1/3), 147–162. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.018.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.018
  11. 11. Pant, P., & Harrison, R. M. (2013). Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements. A review. Atmos. Environ., 77, 78–97. DOI: 10.1016/j. atmosenv.2013.04.028.
  12. 12. Chueinta, W., Hopke, P. K., & Paatero, P. (2000). Investigation of sources of atmospheric aerosol at urban and suburban residential areas in Thailand by positive matrix factorization. Atmos. Environ., 34(20), 3319–3329. DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00433-1.10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00433-1
  13. 13. Amato, F., Alastuey, A., Karanasiou, A., Lucarelli, F., Nava, S., Calzolai, G., Severi, M., Becagli, S., Gianelle, V. L., Colombi, C., Alves, C., Custodio, D., Nunes, T., Cerqueira, M., Pio, C., Eleftheriadis, K., Diapouli, E., Reche, C., Cruz Minguillon, M., Manousakas, M. I., Maggos, T., Vratolis, S., Harrison, R. M., & Querol, X. (2016). AIRUSE-LIVE+: a harmonized PM speciation and source apportionment in five southern European cities. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 3289–3309. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-3289-2016.10.5194/acp-16-3289-2016
  14. 14. Samek, L., Stegowski, Z., Furman, L., Styszko, K., Szramowiat, K., & Fiedor, J. (2017). Quantitative assessment of PM2.5 sources and their seasonal variation in Krakow. Water Air Soil Pollut., 228, 290. DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3483-5.10.1007/s11270-017-3483-5552250528794573
  15. 15. Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Crow, D., Lowental, D. H., & Merrifield, T. (2001). Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH carbon measurements. Aerosol Sci. Technol., 34(1), 23–34. DOI: 10.1080/02786820119073.10.1080/02786820119073
  16. 16. Górka, M., Rybicki, M., Simoneit, B. R. T., & Mary-nowski, L. (2014). Determination of multiple organic matter sources in aerosol PM10 from Wrocław, Poland using molecular and stable carbon isotope compositions. Atmos. Environ., 89, 739–748. DOI: 10.1016/j. atmosenv.2014.02.064.
  17. 17. Aguilera, J., & Whigham, L. D. (2018). Using the 13C/12C isotope ratio to characterize the emission sources of airborne particulate matter: a review of literature. Isot. Environ. Health Stud., 54(6), 573–587. DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2018.1531854.10.1080/10256016.2018.153185430326739
  18. 18. Currie, L. A. (2000). Evolution of multidisciplinary frontiers of 14C aerosol science. Radiocarbon, 42(1), 115–126. DOI: 10.1017/S003382220005308X.10.1017/S003382220005308X
  19. 19. Heal, M. R. (2014). The application of carbon-14 analyses to the source apportionment of atmospheric carbonaceous particulate matter: a review. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 406, 81–98. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7404-1.10.1007/s00216-013-7404-124136253
  20. 20. Szidat, S., Jenk, T., Gäggeler, H., Synal, H. -A., Fisseha, R., Baltensperger, U., Kalberer, M., Samburova, V., Reimann, S., Kasper-Giebl, A., & Hajdas, I. (2004). Radiocarbon (14C)-deduced biogenic and anthropogenic contributions to organic carbon (OC) of urban aerosols from Zürich, Switzerland. Atmos. Environ., 38, 4035–4044. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.066.10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.066
  21. 21. Zotter, P., El-Haddad, I., Zhang, Y., Hayes, P. L., Zhang, X., Lin, Y. -H., Wacker, L., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Abbaszade, G., Zimmermann, R., Surratt, J. D., Weber, R., Jimenez, J. L., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., & Prévôt, A. S. H. (2014). Diurnal cycle of fossil and nonfossil carbon using radiocarbon analyses during CalNex. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 6818–6835. DOI: 10.1002/2013JD021114.10.1002/2013JD021114
  22. 22. Zhang, Y. -L., Huang, R. -J., El Haddad, I., Ho, K. -F., Cao, J. -J., Han, Y., Zotter, P., Bozzetti, C., Daellenbach, K. R., Canonaco, F., Slowik, J. G., Salazar, G., Szwikowski, M., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Abbaszade, G., Zimmermann, R., Baltensperger, U., Prévôt, A. S. H., & Szidat, S. (2015). Fossil vs. non-fossil sources of fine carbonaceous aerosols in four Chinese cities during the extreme winter haze episode of 2013. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1299–1312. DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-1299-2015.10.5194/acp-15-1299-2015
  23. 23. Dusek, U., Hitzenberger, R., Kasper-Giebl, A., Kistler, M., Meijer, H. A. J., Szidat, S., Wacker, L., Holzinger, R., & Röckmann, T. (2017). Sources and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous aerosol at a regional background site in the Netherlands: insights from a year-long radiocarbon study. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3233–3251. DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-3233-2017.10.5194/acp-17-3233-2017
  24. 24. Garbaras, A., Šapolaitė, J., Garbarienė, I., Ežerinskis, Z., Mašalaite-Nalivaikė, A., Skipitytė, R., Plukis, A., & Remeikis, V. (2018). Aerosol source (biomass, traffic and coal emission) apportionment in Lithuania using stable carbon and radiocarbon analysis. Isot. Environ. Health Stud., 54(5), 463–474. DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2018.1509074.10.1080/10256016.2018.150907430114951
  25. 25. Samek, L. (2012). Source apportionment of the PM10 fraction of particulate matter collected in Krakow, Poland. Nukleonika, 57(4), 601–606.
  26. 26. Samek, L., Zwozdziak, A., & Sowka, I. (2013). Chemical characterization and source identification of Particulate Matter PM10 in a rural and an urban site in Poland. Environ. Prot. Eng., 39(4), 91–103. DOI: 10.5277/epe130408.
  27. 27. World Health Organization. (2005). WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Global update 2005. Summary of risk assessment. WHO.
  28. 28. European Union. (2008). Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe. Official Journal of the European Union, 11.6.2008, L 152. Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32008L0050.
  29. 29. Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection. (2017). Air quality portal – PM10 data from Krakow; Air quality stations for the period 2005–2015. Warszawa: CIEP. Retrieved July 30, 2019, from http://powietrze.gios.gov.pl. (in Polish).
  30. 30. Bajorek-Zydroń, K., & Wężyk, P. (Eds.). (2016). Atlas pokrycia terenu i przewietrzania Krakowa (Atlas of land cover and ventilation of Krakow). Krakow: Urząd Miasta Krakowa. Available from http://geo.ur.krakow.pl/download/pobierz.php?file=publikacje/literatura/Wezyk_Atlas_2016_tekst.pdf.
  31. 31. Statistical Office of Poland. (2017). Statistical Office of Poland information portal – Transport and communication in Kraków; vehicles. Retrieved July 30, 2019, from http://bdl.stat.gov.pl. (in Polish).
  32. 32. Zimnoch, M., Wach, P., Chmura, L., Gorczyca, Z., Rozanski, K., Godlowska, J., Mazur, J., Kozak, K., & Jeričević, A. (2014). Factors controlling temporal variability of near-ground atmospheric 222Rn concentration over central Europe. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14(18), 9567–9581. DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-9567-2014.10.5194/acp-14-9567-2014
  33. 33. Holynska, B., Najman, J., Ostachowicz, B., Ostachowicz, J., Trabska, J., & Wegrzynek, D. (1996). Analytical application of multifunctional system of EDXRF. J. Trace Microprobe Tech., 14(1), 119–130.
  34. 34. Vekemans, B., Janssens, K., Vincze, L., Adams, F., & Van Espen, P. (1994). Analysis of X-ray spectra by iterative least squares (AXIL). New developments. X-Ray Spectrom., 23(6), 278–285. DOI: 10.1002/xrs.1300230609.10.1002/xrs.1300230609
  35. 35. Major, I., Furu, E., Janovics, R., Hajdas, I., Kertész, Zs., & Molnár, M. (2012). Method development for the 14C measurement of atmospheric aerosols. Acta Phys. Debrecina, XLVI, 83–95.
  36. 36. Mook, W. G., & van der Plicht, J. (1999). Reporting 14C activities and concentrations. Radiocarbon, 41(3), 227–239. DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200057106.10.1017/S0033822200057106
  37. 37. Kuc, T., Rozanski, K., Zimnoch, M., Necki, J., Chmura, L., & Jelen, D. (2007). Two decades of regular observations of 14CO2 and 13CO2 content in atmospheric carbon dioxide in central Europe: long-term changes of regional anthropogenic fossil fuel CO2 emissions. Radiocarbon, 49(2), 807–816. DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200042685.10.1017/S0033822200042685
  38. 38. Kuc, T. (1991). Concentration and carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 in southern Poland. Tellus B, 43(5), 373–378. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb. v43i5.15411.
  39. 39. Florkowski, T., Grabczak, J., Kuc, T., & Rozanski, K. (1975). Determination of radiocarbon in water by gas or liquid scintillation counting. Nukleonika, 20(11/12), 1053–1066.
  40. 40. Levin, I., Schuchard, J., Kromer, B., & Münnich, K. O. (1989). The continental European Suess effect. Radiocarbon, 31(3), 431–440. DOI: 10.1017/S0033822200012017.10.1017/S0033822200012017
  41. 41. Levin, I., Naegler, T., Kromer, B., Diehl, M., Francey, R., Gomez-Pelaez, A., Steele, P., Wagenbach, D., Weller, R., & Worthy, D. (2010). Observations and modeling of the global distribution and long-term trend of atmospheric 14CO2. Tellus B, 62(1), 26–46. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00446.x.10.1111/j.1600-0889.2009.00446.x
  42. 42. Zimnoch, M., Jelen, D., Galkowski, M., Kuc, T., Necki, J., Chmura, L., Gorczyca, Z., Jasek, A., & Rozanski, K. (2012). Partitioning of atmospheric carbon dioxide over Central Europe: insights from combined measurements of CO2 mixing ratios and their carbon isotope composition. Isot. Environ. Health Stud., 48(3), 421–433. DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2012.663368.10.1080/10256016.2012.66336822472094
  43. 43. Mazzei, F., D’Alessandro, A., Lucarelli, F., Nava, S., Prati, P., Valli, G., & Vecchi, R. (2008). Characterization of particulate matter sources in an urban environment. Sci. Total Environ., 401(1/3), 81–89. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.008.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.00818486189
  44. 44. Yttri, K. E., Simpson, D., Stenstrőm, K., Puxbaum, H., & Svendby, T. (2011). Source apportionment of the carbonaceous aerosol in Norway – quantitative estimates based on 14C, thermal-optical and organic tracer analysis. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11(17), 9375–9394. DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-9375-2011.10.5194/acp-11-9375-2011
  45. 45. Huang, J., Kang, S., Shen, C., Cong, Z., Liu, K., Wang, W., & Liu, L. (2010). Seasonal variations and sources of ambient fossil and biogenic-derived carbonaceous aerosols based on 14C measurements in Lhasa, Tibet. Atmos. Res., 96(4), 553–559. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.01.003.10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.01.003
  46. 46. Vivaldo, G., Masi, E., Taiti, C., Caldarelli, G., & Mancuso, S. (2017). The network of plants volatile organic compounds. Sci. Rep., 7, 11050. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10975-x.10.1038/s41598-017-10975-x559122928887468
  47. 47. Sensuła, B., & Pazdur, A. (2013). Stable carbon isotopes of glucose received from pine tree-rings as bioindicators of local industrial emission of CO2 in Niepołomice Forest (1950–2000). Isot. Environ. Health Stud., 49(4), 532–541. DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2013.865026.10.1080/10256016.2013.86502624313374
  48. 48. Knorre, A. A., Siegwolf, R. T. W., Saurer, M., Sidorova, O. V., Vaganov, E. A., & Kirdianov, A. V. (2010). Twentieth century trends in tree ring stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O of Larix sibirica under dry conditions in the forest steppe in Siberia. J. Geophys. Res., 115(G3), G03002. DOI: 10.1029/2009JG000930.10.1029/2009JG000930
  49. 49. Kornilova, A., Huang, L., Saccon, M., & Rudoplh, J. (2016). Stable carbon isotope ratios of ambient aromatic volatile organic compounds. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16(18), 11755–11772. DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-11755-2016.10.5194/acp-16-11755-2016
  50. 50. Kanpanon, N., Kesemsap, P., Thaler, P., Kositsup, B., Gay, F., Lacote, R., & Epron, D. (2015). Carbon isotope composition of latex does not reflect temporal variations of photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). Tree Physiol., 35(11), 1166–1175. DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv070.10.1093/treephys/tpv07026358051
  51. 51. Lewan, M. D., & Kotarba, M. J. (2014). Thermal-maturity limit for primary thermogenic-gas generation from humic coals as determined by hydrous pyrolysis. AAPG Bull., 98, 2581–2610. DOI: 10.1306/06021413204.10.1306/06021413204
  52. 52. Widory, D. (2006). Combustibles, fuels and their combustion products: A view through carbon isotopes. Combust. Theory Model., 10(5), 831–841. DOI: 10.1080/13647830600720264.10.1080/13647830600720264
  53. 53. Zimnoch, M. (2009). Stable isotope composition of carbon dioxide emitted from anthropogenic sources in the Krakow region. Nukleonika, 54(4), 291–295.
  54. 54. Mašalaitė, A., Garbaras, A., & Remeikis, V. (2012). Stable isotopes in environmental investigations. Lith. J. Phys., 52(3), 261–268.10.3952/physics.v52i3.2478
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2020-0029 | Journal eISSN: 1508-5791 | Journal ISSN: 0029-5922
Language: English
Page range: 181 - 191
Submitted on: Aug 22, 2019
Accepted on: Feb 27, 2020
Published on: Jul 6, 2020
Published by: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 times per year

© 2020 Miroslaw Zimnoch, Filip Morawski, Tadeusz Kuc, Lucyna Samek, Jakub Bartyzel, Zbigniew Gorczyca, Alicja Skiba, Kazimierz Rozanski, published by Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.