Radiation induced degradation of Congo red dye: a mechanistic study

Muneer, Majid; Saeed, Muhammad; Bhatti, Ijaz Ahmad; Haq, Atta-ul; Khosa, Muhammad Kaleem; Jamal, Muhammad Asghar; Ali, Saddaqat

doi:10.2478/nuka-2019-0006

Abstract

Synthetic dyes are persistent pollutants with poor biodegradability. The present study is about the degradation of direct Congo red dye in aqueous media using the Co-60 gamma radiation source. The experimental conditions such as gamma-ray absorbed doses, amount of oxidant (H₂O₂) and pH conditions were evaluated. The λ_max of dye solution was noted as 498 nm, and then, decrease in absorbance and reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) were examined. The complete colour removal of dye was observed at 5 kGy, while a significant COD removal was observed at 15 kGy gamma-ray absorbed dose in conjunction with oxidant for 50 mg/L concentration. It was found that pH has no influence on degradation efficiency. A possible degradation pathway was proposed. The radiolytic end products were monitored by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to explore the degradation mechanism. It was imperative to study the oxidative degradation pathway to provide directions for potential applicability of advanced oxidation process (AOP) in industrial wastewater treatment.

References

1. Puvaneswari, N., Muthukrishnan, J., & Gunasekaran, P. (2006). Toxicity assessment and microbial degradation of azo dyes. Ind. J. Exp. Biol., 44(8), 618–626.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
2. Muneer, M., Hafiz, N., Usman, M., UR Rehman, F., Saeed, M., Bhatti, H. N., & Kanjal, M. I. (2015). Environmentally friendly oxidative degradation of reactive orange dye by high energy radiation. Oxid. Commun., 38, 2091–2099.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
3. Adedayo, O., Javadpour, S., Taylor, C., Anderson, W. A., & Moo-Young, M. (2004). Decolourization and detoxification of methyl red by aerobic bacteria from a wastewater treatment plant. World J. Microb. Biotech., 20(6), 545–550.10.1023/B:WIBI.0000043150.37318.5f
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
4. Ollis, D. F., Pelizzetti, E., & Serpone, N. (1991). Photocatalyzed destruction of water contaminants. Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(9), 1522–1529.10.1021/es00021a001
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
5. Ma, H., Wang, M., Yang, R., Wang, W., Zhao, J., Shen, Z., & Yao, S. (2007). Radiation degradation of Congo Red in aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 68, 1098–1104.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.01.067
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
6. Camp, R., & Sturrock, P. E. (1990). The identification of the derivatives of C.I. Reactive Blue 19 in textile wastewater. Water Res., 24(10), 1275–1278.10.1016/0043-1354(90)90052-8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
7. Prevot, A. B., Baiocchi, C., Brussino, M. C., Pramauro, E., Savarino, P., Augugliaro, V., Marci, G., & Palmisano, L. (2001). Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 80 in aqueous solutions containing TiO₂ suspensions. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(5), 971–976.10.1021/es000162v
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
8. Sugiarto, A. T., Ito, S., Ohshima, T., & Skalny, J. D. (2003). Oxidative decolouration of dyes by pulsed discharge plasma in water. J. Electrostat., 58(1/2), 135–145.10.1016/S0304-3886(02)00203-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
9. Kalra, S. S., Mohan, S., Sinha, A., & Singh, G. (2011). Advanced oxidation processes for treatment of textile and dye wastewater: A review. In 2nd International Conference on Environmental Science and Development (Vol. 4, pp. 271–275). Singapore: IACSIT.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
10. Liau, L. C. K., & Chiang, P. I. (2007). Multiple nano-TiO₂ layers to prevent dye/nano-TiO₂ from photodegradation under a UV-exposure environment. Appl. Surf. Sci., 253(8), 3982–3986.10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.08.031
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
11. Munter, R. (2001). Advanced oxidation processes – current status and prospects. J. Proc. Est. Acad. Sci., 50, 59–80.10.3176/chem.2001.2.01
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
12. Getoff, N. (1999). Radiation chemistry and the environment. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 54(4), 377–380.10.1016/S0969-806X(98)00266-7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
13. Duarte, C. L., Sampa, M. H. O., Rela, P. R., Oikawa, H., Cherbakian, E. H., Silveira, C. G., & Azevedo, A. L. (2002). Advanced oxidation process by electron beam irradiation induced decomposition of pollutants in industrial wastes. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 63(3/6), 647–651.10.1016/S0969-806X(01)00560-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
14. Muneer, M., Adeel, S., Ayub, S., Zuber, M., Rehman, F. U., Kanjal, M. I., Iqbal, M., & Kamran, M. (2016). Dyeing behaviour of microwave assisted surface modified polyester fabric using disperse orange25: improvement in colour strength and fastness properties. Oxid. Commun., 39(2), 1430–1439.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
15. Hosono, M., Arai, H., Aizawi, M., Yamamoto, L., & Shimizu, K. (1993). Decoloration and degradation of azo-dye in aqueous-solution supersaturated with oxygen by irradiation of high-energy electron-beam. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 44, 1199–1203.10.1016/0969-8043(93)90064-H
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
16. Solpan, D., & Guven, O. (2002). Decoloration and degradation of some textile dyes by gamma irradiation. Radiat. Phys. Chem., 65(4/5), 549–558.10.1016/S0969-806X(02)00366-3
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
17. Ather, M., Iqbal, M., Muneer, M., & Bhatti, I. A. (2012). Degradation study of reactive Violet 1 by gamma radiation. J. Chem. Soc. Pak., 34(4), 787–792.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
18. Daneshvar, N., Rabbani, M., Modirshahla, N., & Behnajadya, M. A. (2005). Photooxidative degradation of Acid Red 27 in a tubular continuous-flow photoreactor: influence of operational parameters and mineralization products. J. Hazard. Mater., 118(1/3), 155–160.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.10.00715721539
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
19. Buxton, G. V., Greenstock, C. L., Helman, W. P., & Ross, A. B. (1988). Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (•OH/•O⁻) in aqueous solutions. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 17, 513. http://doi.org/10.1063/1.555805.10.1063/1.555805
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
20. Zhang, S. J., Hu, H. Q., & Zhao, Y. (2005). Kinetic modeling of the radiolytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 in aqueous solution. Water Res., 39(5), 839–846.10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.00415743629
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
21. Feng, W., Nansheng, D., & Helin, H. (2000). Degradation mechanism of azo dye C. I. reactive red 2 by iron powder reduction and photooxidation in aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 41(8), 1233–1238.10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00538-X
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
22. Muneer, M., Bhatti, I. A., Bhatti, H. N., & Rehman, K. (2011). Applications of advanced oxidation process for industrial wastewater treatment. Asian J. Chem., 23(6), 2392–2394.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
23. American Public Health Association. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (21st ed.), A. D. Eaton, L. S. Clesceri, M. A. H. Franson, A. E. Greenberg, & E. W. Rice (Eds.). Washington: American Public Health Association.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
24. Ozen, A. S., Aviyente, V., & Klein, R. A. (2003). Modeling the oxidative degradation of azo dyes: A density functional theory study. J. Phys. Chem., 17(24), 4898–4907.10.1021/jp026287z
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
25. Lucarelli, L., Nadtochenko, V., & Kiwi, J. (2000). Environmental photochemistry: Quantitative adsorption and FTIR studies during the TiO₂-photocatalyzed degradation of Orange II. Langmuir, 16(3), 1102–1108.10.1021/la990272j
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article

Radiation induced degradation of Congo red dye: a mechanistic study

Abstract

Paradigm

My account