References
- 1. Pasquil, D. (1961). The estimation of the dispersion of windborne material. Met. Mag., 90, 33–49.
- 2. Turner, B. (1964). A diffusion model for an urban area. J. Appl. Meteorol., 3, 83–91.10.1175/1520-0450(1964)003<;0083:ADMFAU>2.0.CO;2
- 3. Williams, A. G., Chambers, S. D., & Griffiths, A. (2013). Bulk mixing and decoupling of the nocturnal stable boundary layer characterized using a ubiquitous natural tracer. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 149, 381–402. doi: 10.1007/s10546-013-9849-3.10.1007/s10546-013-9849-3
- 4. Chambers, S. D., Williams, A. G., Crawford, J., & Griffiths, A. D. (2015). On the use of radon for quantifying the effects of atmospheric stability on urban emissions. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 1175–1190.
- 5. Chambers, S. D., Podstawczyńska, A., Williams, A. G., & Pawlak, W. (2016a). Characterising the influence of atmospheric mixing state on urban heat Island intensity using radon-222. Atmos. Environ., 147, 355–368.
- 6. Chambers, S. D., Galeriu, D., Williams, A. G., Melintescu, A., Griffiths, A. D., Crawford, J., Dyer, L., Duma, M., & Zorila, B. (2016b). Atmospheric stability effects on potential radiological releases at a nuclear research facility in Romania: characterising the atmospheric mixing state. J. Environ. Radioact., 154, 68–82.
- 7. Podstawczyńska, A. (2016). Differences of nearground atmospheric Rn-222 concentration between urban and rural area with reference to microclimate diversity. Atmos. Environ., 126, 225–234.
- 8. Williams, A. G., Chambers, S. D., Conen, F., Reimann, S., Hill, M., Griffiths, A. D., & Crawford, J. (2016). Radon as a tracer of atmospheric influences on traffic-related air pollution in a small inland city. Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol., 68, 30967. DOI: 10.3402/tellusb.v68.30967.
- 9. Turekian, K. K., Nozaki, Y., & Benninger, L. K. (1977). Geochemistry of atmospheric radon and radon products. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 5, 227–255.10.1146/annurev.ea.05.050177.001303
- 10. Balkanski, Y. J., Jacob, D. J., Gardner, G. M., Graustein, W. M., & Turekian, K. K. (1993). Transport and residence times of continental aerosols inferred from a global three-dimensional simulation of 210Pb. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 98(D11), 20573–20586. DOI: 10.1029/93JD02456.
- 11. Szegvary, T., Conen, F., & Ciais, P. (2009). European 222Rn inventory for applied atmospheric studies. Atmos. Environ., 43(8), 1536–1539.
- 12. Griffiths, A. D., Zahorowski, W., Element, A., & Werczynski, S. (2010). A map of radon flux at the Australian land surface. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8969–8982.
- 13. Karstens, U., Schwingshackl, C., Schmithusen, D., & Levin, I. (2015). A process-based 222radon flux map for Europe and its comparison to long-term observations. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 12845–12865. DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-12845-2015.10.5194/acp-15-12845-2015
- 14. Chambers, S. D., Williams, A. G., Zahorowski, W., Griffiths, A., & Crawford, J. (2011). Separating remote fetch and local mixing influences on vertical radon measurements in the lower atmosphere. Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol., 63, 843–859. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00565.x.10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00565.x
- 15. Wigand, A., & Wenk, F. (1928). Der gehalt der luftan radium-emanation, nach Messungenbei Flugzeugaufstiegen. Ann. Phys., 86(13), 657–686.10.1002/andp.19283911302
- 16. Moses, H., Stehney, A. F., & Lucas, H. F. J. (1960). The effect of meteorological variables upon the vertical and temporal distributions of atmospheric radon. J. Geophys. Res., 65, 1223–1238.10.1029/JZ065i004p01223
- 17. Sisigina, T. I. (1964). Vertical distribution of radon in the boundary layer of the atmosphere (0-300m) in connection with changing meteorological conditions. U.D.C.551.594.1. Izv. Geophys., 3, 414–421.
- 18. Hosler, C. R. (1966). Meteorological effects on atmospheric concentrations of radon (Rn222), RaB (Pb214), and RaC (Bi214) near the ground. Mon. Weather Rev., 94, 89.
- 19. Allegrini, I., Febo, A., Pasini, A., & Schiarini, S. (1994). Monitoring of the nocturnal mixed layer by means of participate radon progeny measurement. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 99, 18765–18777. DOI: 10.1029/94JD00783.10.1029/94JD00783
- 20. Desideri, D., Roselli, C., Feduzi, L., & Meli, M. A. (2006). Monitoring the atmospheric stability by using radon concentration measurements: a study in a central Italy site. J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 270, 523–530.
- 21. Vecchi, R., Marcazzan, G., & Valli, G. (2007). A study on nighttime–daytime PM10 concentration and elemental composition in relation to atmospheric dispersion in the urban area of Milan (Italy). Atmos. Environ., 41, 2136–2144.
- 22. Wang, F., Zhang, H., Ancora, M. P., & Deng, X. -D. (2013). Measurement of atmospheric stability index by monitoring radon natural radioactivity. China Environ. Sci., 33(4), 594–598.
- 23. Avino, P., Brocco, D., Lepore, L., & Pareti, S. (2003). Interpretation of atmospheric pollution phenomena in relationship with the vertical atmospheric remixing by means of natural radioactivity measurements (radon) of particulate matter. Ann. Chim., 93(5/6), 589–594.
- 24. Pitari, G., De Luca, N., Coppari, E., Di Carlo, P., & Di Genova, G. (2015). Seasonal variation of night-time accumulated Rn-222 in central Italy. Environ. Earth Sci., 73(12), 8589–8597. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-015-4023-5.10.1007/s12665-015-4023-5
- 25. Bulko, M., Holy, K., & Mullerova, M. (2018). On the relation between outdoor 222Rn and atmospheric stability determined by a modified Turner method. J. Environ. Radioact., 189, 79–92.
- 26. Cohen, L. D., Barr., S., Krablin, R., & Newstein, H. (1972). Steady-state vertical turbulent diffusion of radon. J. Geophys. Res., 77, 2654–2668.
- 27. Fujinami, N., & Osaka, S. (1987). Variations in radon 222 daughter concentrations in surface air with atmospheric stability. J. Geopys. Res.-Atmos., 92(d1), 1041–1043.
- 28. Perrino, C., Pietrodangelo, A., & Febo, A. (2001). An atmospheric stability index based on radon progeny measurements for the evaluation of primary urban pollution. Atmos. Environ., 35, 5235–5244.
- 29. Perrino, C. (2012). Natural radioactivity from radon progeny as a tool for the interpretation of atmospheric pollution events. In Sources and measurements of radon and radon progeny applied to climate and air quality studies (pp. 151–159). Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. (IAEA Proceedings Series).
- 30. Pal, S., Lopez, M., Schmidt, M., Ramonet, M., Gibert, F., Xueref-Remy, I., & Ciais, P. (2015). Investigation of the atmospheric boundary layer depth variability and its impact on the 222Rn concentration at a rural site in France. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 623–643. DOI: 10.1002/2014JD022322.10.1002/2014JD022322
- 31. Williams, A. G., Zahorowski, W., Chambers, S. D., Griffiths, A., Hacker, J. M., Element, A., & Werczynski, S. (2011). The vertical distribution of radon in clear and cloudy daytime terrestrial boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 68, 155–174. DOI: 10.1175/2012JAS3576.1.10.1175/2012JAS3576.1
- 32. Pal, S. (2014). Monitoring depth of shallow atmospheric boundary layer to complement LiDAR measurements affected by partial overlap. Remote Sens., 6(9), 8468–8493.
- 33. Wang, F., Chambers, S. D., Zhang, Z., Williams, A. G., Deng, X., Zhang, H., Lonati, G., Crawford, J., Griffiths, A. D., Ianniello, A., & Allegrini, I. (2016). Quantifying stability influences on air pollution in Lanzhou, China, using a radon-based “stability monitor”: seasonality and extreme events. Atmos. Environ., 145, 376–391.