References
- *Abdel-Fadil, M. (2017). Identity politics in a mediatized religious environment on Facebook: Yes to wearing the cross whenever and wherever I choose. Journal of Religion in Europe, 10, 457–486.
https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-01004001 - *Abdel-Fadil, M. (2018). Nationalizing Christianity and hijacking religion on Facebook. In K. Lundby (Ed.), Contesting religion: The media dynamics of cultural conflicts in Scandinavia (pp. 97–116). De Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110502060-011 - *Abdel-Fadil, M. (2023). Triggers & tropes: The affective manufacturing of online Islamophobia. International Journal of Communication, 17, 2883–2903.
- *Abdelhady, D., & Malmberg, G. (2019). Swedish media representation of the refugee crisis: Islam, conflict and self-reflection. In E. O’Donnell Polyakov (Ed.), Antisemitism, Islamophobia, and interreligious hermeneutics: Ways of seeing the religious other (pp. 107–136). Brill.
https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004381674 - *Alghasi, S. (2019). A ‘Muslim’ response to the narrative of the enemy within. In S. Keskinen, U. Skaptadóttir, & M. Toivanen (Eds.), Undoing homogeneity in the Nordic region: Migration, difference and the politics of solidarity (pp. 179–194). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122328 - *Andreassen, R. (2012). Gender as a tool in Danish debates about Muslims. In J. Nielsen (Ed.), Islam in Denmark: The challenge of diversity (pp. 143–160). Lexington Books.
- *Axner, M. (2013). Public religions in Swedish media: A study of religious actors on three newspaper debate pages 2001–2011 [Doctoral dissertation, University of Uppsala, Sweden].
- *Bangstad, S. (2013). Inclusion and exclusion in the mediated public sphere: The case of Norway and its Muslims. Social Anthropology, 21(3), 356–370.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12034 - Brubaker, R. (2017). Between nationalism and civilizationism: The European populist moment in comparative perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(8), 1191–1226.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1294700 - *Bødker, H., & Ngomba, T. (2018). Community repair through truce and contestation: Danish legacy print media and the Copenhagen shootings. Journalism Studies, 19(4), 579–593.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1386584 - Campbell, C. (2002). The cult, the cultic milieu and secularization. In J. Kaplan, & H. Lööw (Eds.), The cultic milieu: Oppositional subcultures in an age of globalization (pp. 12–25). AltaMira Press.
- *Christensen, H. R. (2019). Continuity with the past and uncertainty for the future: Religion in Danish newspapers 1750–2018. Temenos - Nordic Journal for the Study of Religion, 55(2), 201–224.
https://doi.org/10.33356/temenos.87825 - Dahl, R. A. (2006). A preface to democratic theory (Expanded ed.). University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1956)
- *Demker, M. (2023). Freedom of religion for immigrants in Sweden: An ambiguous support. Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, 36(2), 109–122.
https://doi.org/10.18261/njrs.36.2.5 - *Døving, C. A. (2016). Jews in the news – Representations of Judaism and the Jewish minority in the Norwegian contemporary press. Journal of Media and Religion, 15(1), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15348423.2015.1131039 - *Døving, C. A., & Emberland, T. (2021). Bringing the enemy closer to home: ‘Conspiracy talk’ and the Norwegian far right. Patterns of Prejudice, 55(4), 375–390.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2021.1909933 - *Ezzati, R. T. (2021). ‘United through our values’? Expressing unity through value-talk after terrorism in France and Norway. Migration Studies, 9(3), 852–871.
https://doi.org/10.1093/migration/mnab033 - *Farkas, J., Schou, J., & Neumayer, C. (2018). Cloaked Facebook pages: Exploring fake Islamist propaganda in social media. New Media & Society, 20(5), 1850–1867.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817707759 - Furseth, I. (Ed.). (2015). Religionens tilbakekomst i offentligheten? Religion, politikk, medier, stat og sivilsamfunn i Norge siden 1980-tallet [Return of religion in the public sphere? Religion, politics, media, state, and civil society in Norway since the 1980s]. Universitetsforlaget.
- Furseth, I. (2017a). Introduction. In I. Furseth (Ed.), Religious complexity in the public sphere: Comparing Nordic countries (pp. 1–29). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55678-9 - Furseth, I. (2017b). Religious complexity in the public sphere: Comparing Nordic countries. Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55678-9 - Furseth, I., Ahlin, L., Ketola, K., Leis-Peters, A., & Sigurvinsson, B. R. (2017). Changing religious landscapes in the Nordic countries. In Religious complexity in the public sphere: Comparing Nordic countries (pp. 31–80). Springer.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55678-9 - *Grishaeva, E. (2019). Religion in the mediatized public spaces in Scandinavian countries: Between secular neutrality and nationalism. Russian Sociological Review, 18(4), 299–319.
https://doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2019-4-299-319 - Habermas, J. (1992). Further reflections on the public sphere. In C. Calhoun (Ed.), Habermas and the public sphere (pp. 421–461). The MIT Press.
- *Hellström, A., & Hervik, P. (2014). Feeding the beast: Nourishing nativist appeals in Sweden and in Denmark. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 15(3), 449–467.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-013-0293-5 - *Helseth, H. (2018). When the personal is always political: Norwegian Muslims’ arguments for women’s rights. Social Inclusion, 6(4), 59–66.
https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i4.1518 - Hjarvard, S. (2008). The mediatization of religion: A theory of the media as agents of religious change. Northern Lights: Film and Media Studies Yearbook, 6, 9–26.
https://doi.org/10.1386/nl.6.1.9_1 - Hjarvard, S., & Lövheim, M. (2012). Mediatization and religion: Nordic perspectives. Nordicom, University of Gothenburg.
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-10048 - *Hjarvard, S., & Rosenfeldt, M. P. (2017). Giving satirical voice to religious conflict: The potentials of the cultural public sphere. Nordic Journal of Religion & Society, 30(2), 136–152.
https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.1890-7008-2017-02-03 - *Hjarvard, S., & Rosenfeldt, M. P. (2018). Planning public debate: Beyond entrenched controversies about Islam. In K. Lundby (Ed.), Contesting religion: The media dynamics of cultural conflicts in Scandinavia (pp. 117–134). De Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110502060-012 - *Jacobsen, S. J., Jensen, T. G., Vitus, K., & Weibel, K. (2012). Analysis of Danish media setting and framing of Muslims, Islam and racism. SFI - Det Nationale Forskningscenter for Velfærd.
- *Jakku, N. (2018). Islamophobia, representation and the Muslim political subject: A Swedish case study. Societies, 8(4), 124.
https://doi.org/10.3390/soc8040124 - *Jensdotter, L., & Lövheim, M. (2020). Criticizing religion in mediatized debates. In M. Lövheim, & M. Stenmark (Eds.), A constructive critique of religion: Encounters between Christianity, Islam, and non-religion in secular societies (pp. 164–176). Bloomsbury Academic.
- *Johnsen, E. T., & Johansen, K. H. (2021). Negotiating Christian cultural heritage: Christmas in schools and public service media. Temenos - Nordic Journal for the Study of Religion, 57(2), 231–257.
https://doi.org/10.33356/temenos.102585 - *Kühle, L., & Langholm Larsen, T. (2021). ‘Forced’ online religion: Religious minority and majority communities’ media usage during the COVID-19 lockdown. Religions, 12(7), 496.
https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12070496 - *Larsson, G., & Mattsson, C. (2024). Rasmus Paludan, burning of the Quran and Swedish media. Temenos - Nordic Journal for the Study of Religion, 60(1), 131–156.
https://doi.org/10.33356/temenos.136834 - *Lillevik, R. (2020). The political accommodation of military turbans and the police hijab in Norway: Windows of opportunity. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 46(11), 2426–2442.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2019.1675501 - *Lundby, K. (2019). Conflictual diversity and contested cultural heritage: Newspaper coverage of religion in Norway 1938–2018. Temenos - Nordic Journal for the Study of Religion, 55(2), 249–270.
https://doi.org/10.33356/temenos.87828 - *Lundby, K., Hjarvard, S., Lövheim, M., & Jernsletten, H. H. (2017). Religion between politics and media: Conflicting attitudes towards Islam in Scandinavia. Journal of Religion in Europe, 10, 437–456.
https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-01004005 - *Lundby, K., & Thorbjørnsrud, K. (2012). Mediatization of controversy when the security police went on Facebook. In S. Hjarvard, & M. Lövheim (Eds.), Mediatization and religion: Nordic perspectives (pp. 95–108). Nordicom, University of Gothenburg.
https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-10048 - *Lundström, T. P. (2023). Evangelical supremacy: Political thought in a Swedish revivalist newspaper. Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, 36(2), 81–94.
https://doi.org/10.18261/njrs.36.2.3 - *Lövheim, M. (2017). Religion, mediatization, and ‘complementary learning processes’ in Swedish editorials. Journal of Religion in Europe, 10, 366–383.
https://doi.org/10.1163/18748929-01004004 - *Lövheim, M. (2019). ‘The Swedish condition’: Representations of religion in the Swedish press 1988–2018. Temenos - Nordic Journal for the Study of Religion, 55(2), 271–292.
https://doi.org/10.33356/temenos.87830 - *Lövheim, M., & Jensdotter, L. (2018). Contradicting ideals: Islam on Swedish public service radio. In K. Lundby (Ed.), Contesting religion: The media dynamics of cultural conflicts in Scandinavia (pp. 135–152). De Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110502060 - *Lövheim, M., & Jensdotter, L. (2023). Banal religion and national identity in hybrid media: ‘Heating’ the debate on values and veiling in Sweden. Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, 36(2), 95–108.
https://doi.org/10.18261/njrs.36.2.4 - *Lövheim, M., Jernsletten, H. H., Herbert, D., Lundby, K., & Hjarvard, S. (2018). Attitudes: Tendencies and variations. In K. Lundby (Ed.), Contesting religion: The media dynamics of cultural conflicts in Scandinavia (pp. 33–50). De Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110502060-007 - Lövheim, M., & Lynch, G. (2011). The mediatisation of religion debate: An introduction. Culture and Religion, 12(2), 111–117.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14755610.2011.579715 - Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 143.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x - Raitskaya, L., & Tikhonova, E. (2019). Scoping reviews: What is in a name? Journal of Language and Education, 5(2), 4–9.
https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2019.9689 - *Repstad, P. S. (2018). Moral involvement or religious scepticism? Local Christian publications on asylum seekers. In K. Lundby (Ed.), Contesting religion: The media dynamics of cultural conflicts in Scandinavia (pp. 171–185). De Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110502060-015 - Ryan, B. (2021). Christianism. In J. Haynes (Ed.), The Routledge handbook of religion, politics and ideology (pp. 211–226). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780367816230 - *Samuel-Azran, T., Lavie-Dinur, A., & Karniel, Y. (2015). Narratives used to portray in-group terrorists: A comparative analysis of the Israeli and Norwegian press. Media, War & Conflict, 8(1), 3–19.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635214531106 - Severin-Nielsen, M. K. (2023). Politicians’ social media usage in a hybrid media environment: A scoping review of the literature between 2008–2022. Nordicom Review, 44(2), 172–193.
https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2023-0010 - *Simonsen, K., de Neergaard, M., & Koefoed, L. (2019). A mosque event: The opening of a purpose-built mosque in Copenhagen. Social & Cultural Geography, 20(5), 649–670.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2017.1373144 - *Steiner, K. (2014). Images of Muslims and Islam in Swedish Christian and secular news discourse. Media, War & Conflict, 8(1), 20–45.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635214531107 - *Sumiala, J. M., & Harju, A. A. (2019). “No more apologies”: Violence as a trigger for public controversy over Islam in the digital public sphere. Journal of Religion, Media and Digital Culture, 8, 132–152.
https://doi.org/10.1163/21659214-00801007 - Taira, T. (Ed.). (2019a). Religion in Nordic newspapers [Special issue]. Temenos - Nordic Journal of Comparative Religion, 55(2).
https://journal.fi/temenos/issue/view/5375 - Taira, T. (2019b). Studying religion in Nordic newspapers: An introduction. Temenos - Nordic Journal for the Study of Religion, 55(2), 175–199.
https://doi.org/10.33356/temenos.87824 - Taylor, C. (1992). Modernity and the rise of the public sphere. The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. Stanford University.
- *Teivainen, T. (2014). Girls by the church: Construction of a pussy riot event in Finland as a threat to Russian gender roles and sexual norms. Religion & Gender, 4(2), 209–214.
- *Thomas, P., & Selimovic, A. (2015). “Sharia on a plate?” A critical discourse analysis of halal food in two Norwegian newspapers. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 6(3), 331–353.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-05-2014-0041 - *Toft, A. (2024). ‘But it’s really about …’: Norwegian media coverage of the Qur’an burnings in Sweden and Norway in April 2022. Temenos - Nordic Journal for the Study of Religion, 60(1), Article 1.
https://doi.org/10.33356/temenos.136707 - *Valaskivi, K., Jääskeläinen, P., Huhtamäki, J., & Sumiala, J. (2023). “Holy shit!!! Jos tuo ei herätä ihmisiä niin sitten ei mikään!” Salaliittoteoreettinen populistinen kuvittelu ja tunnestruktuurit sosiaalisessa mediassa [“Holy shit!!! If that doesn’t wake people up, then nothing will!” Conspiracy theory populist imagination and emotional structures on social media]. Media & viestintä, 46(1), 67–91.
https://doi.org/10.23983/mv.128479 - Valaskivi, K., Sumiala, J., & Pyrhönen, N. (2023). Conceptualizing populism about/in/as religion: Illustrations from Nordic media sphere. Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, 36(2), 69–80.
https://doi.org/10.18261/njrs.36.2.2 - *van Es, M. A. (2021). Norwegian Muslims denouncing terrorism: Beyond ‘moderate’ versus ‘radical’? Religion, 51(2), 169–189.
https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2021.1865600 - Zuckerman, P. (2008). Society without God: What the least religious nations can tell us about contentment. New York University Press.
