References
- Altfer, B. (2020). Denmark: Research. In F. Chiusi, S. Fischer, N. Kayser-Bril, & M. Spielkamp (Eds.), Automating society report 2020 (pp. 52–61). Algorithm Watch, Berletsmann Stiftung. https://automatingsociety.algorithmwatch.org
- Andersen, A. N. (2019). Danmark er ved at blive Europas Kina (når det handler om overvågning) [Denmark is becoming Europe's China (when it concerns surveillance)] [blog post]. [SDU blog]. https://holderdetibyretten.wordpress.com/2019/05/15/danmark-er-ved-at-blive-europas-kina-nar-det-handler-om-overvagning/
- Andersen, M., & Sundet, V. (2019). Producing online youth fiction in a Nordic public service context. Journal of European Television History and Culture, 8(16), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2019.jethc179
- Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Verso.
- Andersson Schwarz, J. (2016). Public service broadcasting and data-driven personalization: A view from Sweden. Television & New Media, 17(2), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476415616193
- Andreassen, R. (2020). digitale sorteringskategorier, affordances og interfaces: Online shopping of digitalt forbrug af sex og sæd [Digital sorting categories, affordances and interfaces: Online shopping of digital consumption of sex and semen]. In R. Andreassen, R. Rex, & C. Svabo (Eds.), Digitale liv. Brugere, Platforme og Selvfremstillinger [Digital life: Users, platforms and self-portrayals] (pp. 161–183). Roskilde Universitetsforlag.
- Andreassen, R. (2021). Social media surveillance, LGBTQ refugees and asylum: How migration authorities use social media profiles to determine refugees as ‘genuine’ or ‘fraud’. First Monday, 26(1–4). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v26i1.10653
- Andrejevic, M. (2013). Infoglut: How too much information is changing the way we think and know. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203075319
- Andrejevic, M. (2020). Automated media. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429242595
- Antczak, H. & Birkholm, B. (2019). Når borgeren bliver til data… fordufter den etiske fordring [When the citizen becomes data… the ethical demand evaporates]. Uden for nummer, 39(19), 4–19. https://social-raadgiverne.dk/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/39-UdenForNummer.pdf
- Baum, M., & Groeling, T. (2008). New media and the polarization of American political discourse. Political Communication, 25(4), 345–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600802426965
- Beckett, C. (2020). An algorithm for empowering public service news [blog post]. The London School of Economic and Political Science. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/polis/2020/09/28/this-swedish-radio-algorithm-gets-reporters-out-in-society/
- Bennett, J. (2018). Public service algorithms. In D. Freedman, & V. Goblot (Eds.), The future of public service television (pp. 111–120). Goldsmiths Press.
- Buolamwini, J., & Gebru, T. (2018). Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency, PMLR 81, 77–91. http://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a/buolamwini18a.pdf
- Burkart, P., & Leijonhufvud, S. (2019). The Spotification of public service media. The Information Society, 35(4), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2019.1613706
- Campbell, J. E. (2018). Polarized: Making sense of a divided America. Princeton University Press.
- Cheney-Lippold, J. (2017). We are data: Algorithms and the making of our digital selves. NYU Press.
- Constanza-Chock, S. (2020). Design justice: Community-led practices to build the worlds we need. MIT Press.
- Couldry, N. (2012). Media, society, world: Social theory and digital media practice. Polity Press.
- Couldry, N., & Mejias, U. (2019). The costs of connection: How data is colonising human life and appropriating it for capitalism. Stanford University Press.
- Dencik, L., Jansen, F., & Metcalfe, P. (2016, August 30). A conceptual framework for approaching social justice in an age of datafication. DATAJUSTICE Project. https://datajusticeproject.net/2018/08/30/a-conceptual-framework-for-approaching-social-justice-in-an-age-of-datafication/
- Drucker, J. (2011). Humanities approaches to interface theory. Culture Machine, 12(1), 1–20. https://culturemachine.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/3-Humanities-434-885-1-PB.pdf
- Esping-Andersen, G. (1990). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Polity Press.
- Eubanks, V. (2017). Automating inequality: How high-tech tools profile, police, and punish the poor. St Martin's Press.
- Gillespie, T. (2010). The politics of ‘platforms’. New Media & Society, 12(3), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738
- Government Offices of Sweden. (2018). National approach to artificial intelligence. Ministry of Enterprise and Innovation. https://www.regeringen.se/4aa638/contentassets/a6488ccebc6f418e9ada18bae40bb71f/national-approach-to-artificial-intelligence.pdf
- Heeks, R., & Renken, J. (2016). Data justice for development: What would it mean? Information Development, 34(19), 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666916678282
- Helmond, A. (2015). The platformization of the web: Making web data platform ready. Social Media + Society (July–December), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115603080
- Hokka, J. (2017). Making public service under social media logics. International Journal of Digital Television, 8(2), 221–237. https://doi.org/10.1386/jdtv.8.2.221_1
- Hokka, J. (2018). Towards nuanced universality: Developing a concept bible for public service online news production. European Journal of Communication, 34(1), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323118810862
- Iliadis, A., & Russo, F. (2016). Critical data studies: An introduction. Big Data & Society, 3(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951716674238
- Jakobsson, P., Lindell, J., & Stiernstedt, F. (2021, September 29). A neoliberal media welfare state? The Swedish media system in transformation. Javnost – the Public. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13183222.2021.1969506
- Jewkes, Y., & Reisdorf, B. C. (2016). A brave new world: The problems and opportunities presented by new media technologies in prisons. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 16(5), 534–551. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895816654953
- Johnson, J. (2014). From open data to information justice. Ethics and Information Technology, 16(4), 263–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-014-9351-8
- Kannabiran, G., & Petersen, M. G. (2010, October). Politics at the interface: A Foucauldian power analysis. Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries, NordiCHI 2010, 695–698. https://doi.org/10.1145/1868914.1869007
- Kaun, A., & Stiernstedt, F. (2020). Doing time, the smart way? Temporalities of the smart prison. New Media and Society, 22(9), 1580–1599. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444820914865
- Kaun, A., & Stiernstedt, F. (2021, June 25). Prison tech: Imagining the prison as lagging behind and as a test bed for technology advancement. Communication, Culture & Critique, 1–15. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/ccc/tcab032
- Kofoed-Hansen, L., & Søndergaard, M. L. J. (2017). Designing with bias and privilege? Nordes 2017, (7). http://www.nordes.org
- Mann, M., & Matzner, T. (2019). Challenging algorithmic profiling: The limits of data protection and anti-discrimination in responding to emergent discrimination. Big Data & Society, (July–December), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951719895805
- Metcalfe, P., & Dencik, L. (2019). The politics of big borders: Data (in)justice and the governance of refugees. First Monday, 24(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/fm.v24i4.9934
- Milan, S., & van der Velden, L. (2016). The alternative epistemologies of data activism. Digital Culture & Society, 2(2), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.14361/dcs-2016-0205
- Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment, Finland. (2017). Finland's age of artificial intelligence: Turning Finland into a leading country in the application of artificial intelligence: Objective and recommendations for measures. Publications of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment 47/2017. https://julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/160391/TEMrap_47_2017_verkkojulkaisu.pdf
- Ministry of Finance, Finland. (2021). National artificial intelligence programme AuroraAI. https://vm.fi/en/national-artificial-intelligence-programme-auroraai
- Moe, H. (2013). Public service broadcasting and social networking sites: The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation on Facebook. Media International Australia, 146(1), 114–122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X1314600115
- Motzfeldt, H. M. (2019). Socialrådgivere og fagforeninger: Grib dog redningskransen! [Social workers and trade unions: Grab the lifebuoy!]. Uden for nummer, 39, 32–40.
- Mploy. (2018, September 26). Evaluering af projekt ”Samtaler og indsats der modvirker langtidsledighed” [Evaluation of project “Conversations and efforts that counteract long-term unemployment”]. Styrelsen for Arbjedsmarkad og Rekruttering [The Danish Agency for Labor Market and Recruitment]. https://star.dk/media/8004/evaluering-af-projekt-samtaler-og-indsats-der-modvirker-langtidsledighed.pdf
- Nikunen, K. (2019). Media solidarities: Emotions, power and justice in the digital age. Sage. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529715019
- Nikunen, K., & Hokka, J. (2020). Welfare state values and public service media in the era of datafication. Global Perspectives, 1(1), 12906. https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2020.12906
- Noble, S. (2018). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism. NYU Press.
- Oak, E. (2015). A minority report for social work? The predictive risk model (PRM) and the Tuituia assessment framework in addressing the needs of New Zealand's vulnerable children. The British Journal of Social Work, 46(5), 1208–1223. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcv028
- Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. Viking.
- Pratt, J. (2008). Scandinavian exceptionalism in an era of penal excess: Part I: The nature and roots of Scandinavian exceptionalism. The British Journal of Criminology, 48(2), 119–137. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azm072
- Pratt, J., & Eriksson, A. (2012). In defence of Scandinavian exceptionalism. In T. Ugelvik, & J. Dullum (Eds.), Penal exceptionalism? Nordic prison policy and practice (pp. 235–260). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203813270
- Retsinformation [legal information]. (2019). Lov om aktiv beskæftigelsesindsats [law about active support for employment]. https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2019/548#idefaafed5-e8e7-4062-abf9-c62a4c18d707
- Saha, A. (2018). Race and the cultural industries. Wiley.
- Sadowski, J. (2019). When data is capital: Datafication, accumulation, and extraction. Big Data & Society, (January), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718820549
- Sun, H., & Hart-Davidson, W. F. (2014, April). Binding the material and the discursive with a relational approach of affordances. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 3533–3542. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557185
- Sundet, V. (2017). Co-produced television drama and the cost of transnational ‘success’: The making of Lilyhammer. In E. Bakoy, R. Pujik, & A. Spicer (Eds.), Building successful and sustainable film and television businesses (pp. 67–88). University of Chicago Press.
- Syvertsen, T., Enli, G., Mjøs, O. J., & Moe, H. (2014). The media welfare state: Nordic media in the digital era. University of Michigan Press. https://doi.org/10.3998/nmw.12367206.0001.001
- Sørensen, J. K., & Van den Bulck, H. (2020). Public service media online, advertising and the third-party user data business: A trade versus trust dilemma? Convergence, 26(2), 421–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856518790203
- Taylor, L. (2017). What is data justice? The case for connecting digital rights and freedoms globally. Big Data and Society, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951717736335
- The Danish Government [Regeringen]. (2019). National strategi for kunstig intelligens [National strategy for artificial intelligence]. Finansministeriet & Erhvervsministeriet [Ministry of Finance & Ministry of Business]. https://www.regeringen.dk/media/6537/ai-strategi_web.pdf
- The Danish Parliament [Folketinget]. (2019). Forslag til Lov om en aktiv beskæftigelsesindsats [draft law about active support for employment]. Danish Parliament records. https://www.ft.dk/ripdf/samling/20181/lovforslag/l209/20181_l209_som_fremsat.pdf
- The Swedish Prison and Probation Service [Kriminalvården]. (2015, December 8). Unik satsning på frivårdsapp [Unique investment in probation app] [Press release].
- The Swedish Prison and Probation Service [Kriminalvården]. (2017, July 11). Frivårdsappen får tummen upp av användare [Probation app gets thumbs up of users] [Press release].
- The Swedish Prison and Probation Service [Kriminalvården]. (2018). Kriminalvården storsatsar digitalt – och söker nya medarbetare [The Swedish Prison and Probation Service is investing heavily in digital – and is looking for new employees] [Press release]. https://www.kriminalvarden.se/globalassets/kontakt_press/pressmeddelanden/krimtech-klar.pdf
- Turow, J. (2011). The daily you: How the new advertising industry is defining your identity and your worth. Yale University Press.
- Ustek-Spilda, F., & Alastalo, M. (2020). Software-sorted exclusion of asylum seekers in Norway and Finland. Global Perspectives, 1(1), 12978. https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2020.12978
- Van den Bulck, H., & Moe, H. (2018). Public service media, universality and personalisation through algorithms: Mapping strategies and exploring dilemmas. Media, Culture & Society, 40(6), 875–892. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717734407
- van Dijck, J. (2014). Datafication, dataism and dataveillance: Big data between scientific paradigm and ideology. Surveillance & Society, 12(2), 197–208. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v12i2.4776
- van Dijck, J., Poell, T., & de Wall, M. (2018). The platform society: Public values in a connective world. Oxford University Press.
- Zuboff, S. (2019). The age of surveillance capitalism: The fight for a human future at the new frontier of power. Profile Books.