References
- Alm, E., Berg, L., Lundahl Hero, M., Johansson, A., Laskar, P., Martinsson, L., Mulinari, D., & Wasshede, C. (2021). Pluralistic struggles in gender, sexuality and coloniality: Challenging Swedish exceptionalism. Springer Nature.
- Ayoub, P., & Paternotte, D. (2019). Europe and LGBT rights: A conflicted relationship. In M. J. Bosia, S. M. McEvoy, & M. Rahman (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of global LGBT and sexual diversity politics (pp. 153–167). Oxford Academic.
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190673741.001.0001 - Ayoub, P., & Stoeckl, K. (2024). The global resistance to LGBTIQ Rights. Journal of Democracy, 35(1), 59–73.
https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2024.a915349 - Bennett, L., & Segerberg A. (2012). The logic of connective action. Information, Communication & Society, 15(5), 739–768.
- Berger, J., & Milkman, K. L. (2010). Social transmission and viral culture [Unpublished manuscript, Department of Marketing, University of Pennsylvania, USA].
- Bob, C. (2012). The global right wing and the clash of world politics. Cambridge University Press.
- Boulila, S. C., & Browne, K. (2023). Heteroactivism, homonationalism and national projects. ACME, 22(3), 1015–1024.
https://doi.org/10.7202/1102110ar - Bracke, S. (2012). From ‘saving women’to ‘saving gays’: Rescue narratives and their dis/continuities. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 19(2), 237–252.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1350506811435032 - Browne, K., & Nash, C. (2017). Heteroactivism: Beyond anti-gay. ACME, 16(4), 643–652.
https://acme-journal.org/index.php/acme/article/view/1631 - Browne, K., & Nash, C. (2020). Heteroactivism. lambda nordica, 25(1), 72–80.
- Buss, D. E. (1998). Robes, relics and rights: The Vatican and the Beijing conference on women. Social & Legal Studies, 7(3), 339–363.
https://doi.org/10.1177/096466399800700302 - Buss, D., & Herman, D. (2003). Globalizing family values: The Christian right in international politics. University of Minnesota Press.
- Datta, N. (2018). Restoring the natural order- the religious extremists’ vision to mobilize European societies against human rights on sexuality and reproduction. European Parliamentary Forum for Sexual & Reproductive Rights.
https://www.epfweb.org/node/175 - Datta, N. (2021). Tip of the Iceberg: Religious Extremist Funders against Human Rights for Sexuality and Reproductive Health in Europe 2009 - 2018. European Parliamentary Forum for Sexual & Reproductive Rights.
https://www.epfweb.org/node/837 - Edenborg, E. (2023). Anti-gender politics as discourse coalitions: Russia’s domestic and international promotion of “traditional values”. Problems of Post-Communism, 70(2), 175–184.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2021.1987269 - Edenborg, E., & Gunnarsson Payne, J. (forthcoming, 2025). Affekt, anpassning och allianser – samtida kampanjer mot sexualupplysning i USA, Ryssland och Sverige [Affect, adaptation and alliances – Contemporary campaigns against sexuality education in the US, Russia, and Sweden]. In A. Berg, Å. Eriksson, L. Gemzöe, & S. Malmén (Eds.), Striden om genus: politik, vetenskap och social kamp [The battle of gender: Politics, science and social struggle]. Appell förlag.
- Encarnación, O. G. (2014). Gay rights: Why democracy matters. Journal of Democracy, 25, 90–104.
- Encarnación, O. G. (2017, May 2). The global backlash against gay rights: How homophobia became a political tool. Foreign Affairs.
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2017-05-02/global-backlash-against-gay-rights - Engebretsen, E. L. (2022). Scientizing gender? An examination of anti-gender campaigns on social media, Norway. In H. Eslen-Ziya, & A. Giorgi (Eds.), Populism and science in Europe [e-book] (pp. 185–206). Palgrave Macmillan.
- Evolvi, G. (2023). The world congress of families: Anti-gender christianity and digital far-right populism. International Journal of Communication, 17, 2805–2822.
https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/13522 - FAMILJENförst. (n.d.). FamiljenFörst [Family first] [Advertisement] (p. 3). Retrieved January 31, 2024, from
https://www.familjenforst.nu/tidning/ - Feder, D. (2017, June 29–30). Marriage is the foundation of the social order” [Speech]. World Congress of Families Regional Conference, Antigua.
http://www.grasstopsusa.com/df071917.html - Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, 52(4), 887–917.
https://doi.org/10.1162/002081898550789 - Garbagnoli, S. (2016). Against the heresy of immanence: Vatican’s ‘gender’as a new rhetorical device against the denaturalization of the sexual order. Religion and Gender, 6(2), 187–204.
https://doi.org/10.18352/rg.10156 - George, J. J., & Leidner, D. E. (2019). From clicktivism to hacktivism: Understanding digital activism. Information and Organization, 29(3), 100249.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoandorg.2019.04.001 - Gerbaudo, P. (2012). Tweets and the streets: Social media and contemporary activism. Pluto Press.
- Global Philanthropy Project. (2020). Meet the movement: A call for progressive philanthropic response to the anti-gender movement.
https://globalphilanthropyproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Meet-the-Moment-2020-English.pdf - Graff, A., & Korolczuk, E. (2022). Anti-gender politics in the populist moment. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003133520 - Gunnarsson Payne, J., & Korolczuk, E. (2021). Antigenuspolitik: från globala diskurser till lokala strategier [Anti-gender politics: From global discourses to local strategies]. In E. Edenborg, S. Tornhill, & C. Å. Lund (Eds.), Feministiska perspektiv på global politik [Feminist perspectives on global politics]. Studentlitteratur.
- Hemmings, C. (2021). Unnatural feelings: The affective life of ‘anti-gender’mobilisations. Radical Philosophy, 209, 27–39.
- Hodžić, A., & Bijelić, N. (2014). Neo-conservative threats to sexual and reproductive health & rights in the European Union. Center for Education, Counselling and Research (CESI).
- iFamNewsEN [@iFamNewsEN]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved Janurary 20, 2024, from
https://twitter.com/iFamNewsEN - IOF. (n.d.). Mission. Retrieved April 29, 2024, from
https://profam.org/mission/ - Jasper, J. (1998). The emotions of protest: Affective and reactive emotions in and around social movements. Sociological Forum, 13, 397–424.
- Kalm, S., & Meeuwisse, A. (2020). For love and for life: Emotional dynamics at the world congress of families. Global Discourse, 10(2), 303–320.
https://doi.org/10.1332/204378920X15784019972237 - Kaoma, K. (2013). The marriage of convenience: The US christian right, African christianity, and postcolonial politics of sexual identity. In M. L. Weiss, &. M. J. Bosia (Eds.), Global homophobia: States, movements, and the politics of oppression (pp. 75–102). University of Illinois Press.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt3fh5hk.7 - Kleres, J., & Wettergren, Å. (2017). Fear, hope, anger, and guilt in climate activism. Social Movement Studies, 16(5), 507–519.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2017.1344546 - Klinger, U., & Svensson, J. (2015). The emergence of network media logic in political communication: A theoretical approach. New Media & Society, 17(8), 1241–1257.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444814522952 - Korolczuk, E. (2020). Counteracting challenges to gender equality in the era of anti-gender campaigns: Competing gender knowledges and affective solidarity. Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society, 27(4), 694–717.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxaa021 - Kuhar, R., & Paternotte, D. (2017). Anti-gender campaigns in Europe: Mobilizing against equality. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Kóvats, E., & Põim, K. (2015). Gender as symbolic glue: The position and role of conservative and far right parties in the anti-gender mobilizations in Europe.
https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/budapest/11382.pdf - LGBTQ Cam. (2023, April). Who’s afraid of gender? | Judith Butler’s public lecture at University of Cambridge 2023 [Video]. YouTube.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=yD6UukSbAMs - Liinason, M. (2023). “The loved home” and other exclusionary care discourses: A multiscalar and transnational analysis of heteroactivist resistances to gender and sexual rights in Sweden. ACME, 22(3), 1047–1068.
https://doi.org/10.7202/1102112ar - Lindahl, U. (2023, November 27). Efter dragqueen-utspelet: ”SD flyttar fram positionerna” [After the drag queen statement: ”SD advances its positions”]. Dagens ETC.
https://www.etc.se/inrikes/efter-dragqueen-utspelet-sd-flyttar-fram-positionerna - Martinsson, L., Griffin, G., & Nygren, K. G. (Eds.). (2016). Challenging the myth of gender equality in Sweden. Policy Press Bristol.
- Mattoni, A. (2013). Media activism. In D. A. Snow, D. dela Porta, B. Klandermans, & M. D (Eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of social and political movements. Wiley Online Library.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470674871.wbespm339.pub2 - McEwen, H. (2023). The U.S. christian right and pro-family politics in 21st century Africa. Palgrave Macmillan.
- McEwen, H., & Narayanaswamy, L. (2023). The international anti-gender movement: Understanding the rise of anti-gender discourses in the context of development, human rights and social protection. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD).
https://hdl.handle.net/10419/278575 - Morris, R. (2006). Crusaders in wingtips. Legal Affairs.
https://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/March-April-2006/feature_morris_marapr06.msp - Nahon, K., & Hemsley, J. (2013). Going viral. Polity.
- Nash, C. J., & Browne, K. (2020). Heteroactivism: Resisting lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans rights and equalities [e-book]. ZED Books
- O’Flaherty, M., & Fisher, J. (2008). Sexual orientation, gender identity and international human rights law: Contextualising the Yogyakarta principles. Human Rights Law Review, 8(2), 207–248.
https://doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngn009 - ProFam [@ProFamOrg]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved January 20, 2024, from
https://twitter.com/ProFamOrg - Puar, J. K. (2007). Terrorist assemblages: Homonationalism in queer times: Duke University Press.
- Rahman, M. (2014). Queer rights and the triangulation of western exceptionalism. Journal of Human Rights, 13(3), 274–289.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2014.919214 - Rao, R. (2020). Out of time: The queer politics of postcoloniality. Oxford University Press.
- Russmann, U. (2018). Going negative on Facebook: Negative user expressions and political parties’ reactions in the 2013 Austrian national election campaign. International Journal of Communication, 12, 2578–2598.
https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/7677 - Stoeckl, K. (2023). The Russian christian right. In G. Lo Mascolo (Ed.), The christian right in Europe: Movements, networks, and denominations (pp. 61–74). transcript.
- Sunstein, C. R. (1996). Social norms and social roles. Columbia Law Review, 96, 903–968.
- Söderin, E., & Linderoth, S. (2019, April 16). KD-politiker i nära kontakt med mäktig extremgrupp [KD politician in close contact with powerful extremist group]. Dagens ETC.
https://www.etc.se/inrikes/kd-politiker-i-nara-kontakt-med-maktig-extremgrupp - Velasco, K. (2023). Transnational backlash and the deinstitutionalization of liberal norms: LGBT+ rights in a contested world. American Journal of Sociology, 128(5), 1381–1429.
https://doi.org/10.1086/724724 - Weiss, M. L., & Bosia, M. J. (2013). Global homophobia: States, movements, and the politics of oppression. University of Illinois Press.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/j.ctt3fh5hk.7 - Westerlund, U. (2021). Swedish anti-gender movements. The Greens/EFA in the European Parliament.
https://eupress.mp.se/presskits/26315/swedish-anti-gender-movements