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A broken mirror? From representation to presentation of gender in Scandinavian news media Cover

A broken mirror? From representation to presentation of gender in Scandinavian news media

Nordic Journal of Media Studies
Volume 6 (2024): Issue 1 (August 2024)
By: Anna Karina Kjeldsen,  Line Schmeltz and  Jacob V. Simonsen  
Open Access
|Sep 2024

Figures & Tables

FIGURE 1

Gender distribution by mediaComments: Jyllands-Posten (n = 3,171), Ekstra Bladet (n = 1,582), and Dagens Industri (n = 1,510): total (n = 6,263).
Gender distribution by mediaComments: Jyllands-Posten (n = 3,171), Ekstra Bladet (n = 1,582), and Dagens Industri (n = 1,510): total (n = 6,263).

FIGURE 2

Gender distribution by topicComments: n = 6,263. Numerical distribution shows how many men and women appear in each topic. Percentage distribution shows that when men and women appear, what topics they appear in.
Gender distribution by topicComments: n = 6,263. Numerical distribution shows how many men and women appear in each topic. Percentage distribution shows that when men and women appear, what topics they appear in.

FIGURE 3

Gender distribution by source typeComments: n = 6,263
Gender distribution by source typeComments: n = 6,263

FIGURE 4

Distribution of picture category by gender (per cent)Comments: n = 878
Distribution of picture category by gender (per cent)Comments: n = 878

FIGURE 5

Gender distribution of ascribed ethos, logos, and pathos in source descriptions (n)Comments: n = 2,980
Gender distribution of ascribed ethos, logos, and pathos in source descriptions (n)Comments: n = 2,980

FIGURE 6

Gender distribution of ascribed ethos, logos, and pathos in Jyllands-Posten, Ekstra Bladet, and Dagens Industri (per cent)Comments: Jyllands-Posten (n = 1,506), Dagens Industri (n = 504), and Ekstra Bladet (n = 970).
Gender distribution of ascribed ethos, logos, and pathos in Jyllands-Posten, Ekstra Bladet, and Dagens Industri (per cent)Comments: Jyllands-Posten (n = 1,506), Dagens Industri (n = 504), and Ekstra Bladet (n = 970).

FIGURE 7

Gender distribution in citation-verbsComments: n = 3,357
Gender distribution in citation-verbsComments: n = 3,357

Most frequently ascribed informal titles for women and men in Ekstra Bladet, Jyllands-Posten, and Dagens Industri

Ekstra BladetJyllands-PostenDagens Industri
WomenMenWomenMenWomenMen
Mor (9) [Mother]Søn (11) [Son]Hustru (10) [Wife]Dansker (21) [Dane]Designteam (3) [Design team]Grundare (15) [Founder]
Søster (8) [Sister]Boss (6) [Boss]Datter (7) [Daughter]Topchef (14) [Top boss]Tidl. ordförande (2) [Former politi-cal spokesperson]Tidl. vd (5) [Former CEO]
Hustru (7) [Wife]Stjerne (5) [Star]Mor (5) [Mother]Leder (8) [Manager]Tidl. vd (2) [Former CEO]Finansmann (3) [Financier]
Kæreste (3) [Girlfriend]Chef (5) [Executive]Besætningsmedlem (3) [Crew member]Kendt (6) [Celebrity]Designduo (2) [Design duo]Tidl. finansminister (3) [Former Minister for Finance]
Datter (3) [Daughter]Tennisstjerne (4) [Tennis star]Søster (3) [Sister]Besætningsmedlem (5) [Crew member]Bioaktuel (1) [Currently featured in film]Pappa (2) [Father]
Tid. politiker (2) [Former politician]Spiller (3) [Player]Tidl. kirkeminister (3) [Former Minister of Ecclesiastical Affairs]Far (5) [Father]Mamma (1) [Mother]Bror (2) [Brother]
Stjerne (2) [Star]Slutrunde-debutant (3) [Finals débutant]Kone (3) [Wife]Medstifter (5) Co-founder]Tidligare FN-ambassadör (1) [Former UN Ambassador]Son (2) [Son]
Enke (2) [Widow]Dømt (3) [Convicted]Kæreste (3) [Girlfriend]Ven (5) [Friend]Tidligere språkrör (1) [Former spokesperson]Styrelsesproffs (2) [Professional Board Members]
Løvinde (2) [Lioness]Kæreste (3) [Girlfriend]Tidligere minister(2) [Former Minister]Japaner (4) [Japanese]Kinekännare (1) [China expert]Tidligare statssekretare (2) [Former Secretary of State]
X-faktorværtinde(1) [X Factor hostess]Bankboss (3) [Bank boss]Kvinde (2) [Woman]Tidligere præsident (4) [Former President]Hedgefond-investara (1) [Hedge Fund Investors]Expert (2) [Expert]

j_njms-2024-0005_tab_003

Paper typeDanishNorwegianSwedishTime period
TabloidEkstra BladetDagbladetAftonbladet7 + 13–19 January
BroadsheetJyllands-PostenAftenpostenSvenska Dag-bladet14–20 January
SpecialisedBørsenDagens NæringslivDagens ndustri14–20 January

Coding categories

UnitOverall codeCoding categories (individual registration = no predefined category)
RepresentationPictures on front pageGenderMale subject/source / Female subject/source/ No identifiable person in picture
Pictures in all contentGenderMale subject/source / Female subject/source / No identifiable person in picture
Individual identifiable sourceNameIndividual registration
GenderMale / Female
DateIndividual registration
News genreNews / Interview / Background- / Reportage-feature / Portrait-profile / Interview / Review / Other
Topic areaPolitics / Business / Economy / Society / Climate / Lifestyle / Culture / Health / Celebrities / Diversity / Sports / Criminal
Subject/source typeSubject: Mentioned Source; Expert / Spokesperson / Experience / Commentator
Number of citationsRegistered
Type of citationsDirect / Indirect / Not cited
PresentationIndividual identifiable sourceVisual presentation of source, person is depictedAlone-active / Alone-passive / In a group-active / In a group-passive
Assigned formal titlesIndividual registration
Assigned informal titlesIndividual registration
Assigned agency: the verb used to frame a direct or indirect quoteIndividual registration
Ethos / Logos / PathosIndividual registration

j_njms-2024-0005_tab_004

CountryNewspaperWomen (%)Men (%)Difference (%)
DenmarkEkstra Bladet217958
Jyllands-Posten247652
Børsen247652
NorwayDagbladet297142
Aftenposten316938
Dagens Næringsliv237754
SwedenAftonbladet287244
Svenska Dagbladet287244
Dagens Industri287244

j_njms-2024-0005_tab_005

Proportion of women appearing in first dataset (automated/Infomedia) (%)Proportion of women appearing in second dataset (manually coded) (%)
Ekstra Bladet (DK)2127 (n = 1,582)
Jyllands-Posten (DK)2423 (n = 3,171)
Dagens Industri (SV)2826 (n = 1,510)

j_njms-2024-0005_tab_006

CategoryGenderAverageLower BoundUpper Boundn
AllMen3.442.604.293,209
Women3.092.543.641,083
Jyllands-PostenMen3.452.734.181,727
Women3.092.543.64513
Dagens IndustriMen3.803.004.61795
Women3.192.483.90271
Ekstra BladetMen3.082.653.51687
Women3.022.473.57299
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2024-0005 | Journal eISSN: 2003-184X
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Language: English
Page range: 81 - 109
Published on: Sep 2, 2024
Published by: University of Gothenburg Nordicom
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
gender representation,
gender equality,
journalism,
news media,
qualitative gender presentation
Related subjects:
Social sciences,
Communication science,
Mass communication,
Public and political communication,
Visual communication

© 2024 Anna Karina Kjeldsen, Line Schmeltz, Jacob V. Simonsen, published by University of Gothenburg Nordicom
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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