References
- Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Verso Books.
- Bieber, F. (2018). Is nationalism on the rise? Assessing global trends. Ethnopolitics, 17(5), 519–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449057.2018.1532633
- Blackwill, R. D., & Gordon, P. H. (2018, January). Containing Russia: How to respond to Moscow's intervention in US democracy and growing geopolitical challenge. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/report/containing-russia
- Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R., & Lefebvre, E. (2008). Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, (October), P10008.
- Bob, C. (2012). The global right wing and the clash of world politics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139031042
- Borgatti, S. P., & Everett, M. G. (1997). Network analysis of 2-mode data. Social networks, 19(3), 243–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8733(96)00301-2
- Borra, E., & Rieder, B. (2014). Programmed method: Developing a toolset for capturing and analyzing tweets. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 66(3), 262–278. https://doi.org/doi:10.1108/AJIM-09-2013-0094
- Bovet, A., & Makse, H. A. (2019). Influence of fake news in Twitter during the 2016 US presidential election. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07761-2
- Bradshaw, S., & Howard, P. N. (2018). Challenging truth and trust: A global inventory of organized social media manipulation [Computational Propaganda Research Project, Oxford Internet Institute]. University of Oxford.
- Bruns, A., & Burgess, J. E. (2011). The use of Twitter hashtags in the formation of ad hoc publics. Proceedings of the 6th European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) General Conference 2011, United Kingdom, 1–9.
- Bruns, A., & Highfield, T. (2016). Is Habermas on Twitter? Social media and the public sphere. In A. O. Larsson, C. Christensen, A. Bruns, G. Enli, & E. Skogerbø (Eds.), The Routledge companion to social media and politics (pp. 56–73). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716299
- Bruns, A., Moon, B., Münch, F., & Sadkowsky, T. (2017). The Australian Twittersphere in 2016: Mapping the follower/followee network. Social Media + Society, 3(4), 2056305117748162. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117748162
- Caiani, M., & Kröll, P. (2015). The transnationalization of the extreme right and the use of the internet. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 39(4), 331–351. https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.2014.973050
- Canclini, N. G. (1995). Hybrid cultures: Strategies for entering and leaving modernity. University of Minnesota Press.
- Cheng, Y.-C., & Chen, P.-L. (2016). Interactions between different language communities on Twitter during the 2012 presidential election in Taiwan. In A. O. Larsson, C. Christensen, A. Bruns, G. Enli, & E. Skogerbø (Eds.), The Routledge companion to social media and politics (pp. 406–418). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716299
- Clausen, L. (2004). Localizing the global: ‘Domestication’ processes in international news production. Media, Culture & Society, 26(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0163443704038203
- Colliver, C., Pomerantsev, P., Applebaum, A., & Birdwell, J. (2018, October 29). Smearing Sweden: International influence campaigns in the 2018 Swedish election. Institute for Strategic Dialogue. https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/smearing-sweden-international-influence-campaigns-in-the-2018-swedish-election
- Davey, J., & Ebner, J. (2017). The fringe insurgency: Connectivity, convergence and mainstreaming of the extreme right. Institute for Strategic Dialogue. https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/The-Fringe-Insurgency-221017.pdf
- Dayan, D. (2010). Beyond media events: Disenchantment, derailment, disruption. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, & F. Krotz (Eds.), Media events in a global age (pp. 23–31). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604
- Dayan, D., & Katz, E. (1992). Media events: The live broadcasting of history. Harvard University Press.
- della Porta, D., & Diani, M. (2006). Social movements: An introduction (2nd ed.). Blackwell.
- Eide, E., Kunelius, R., & Phillips, A. (2008). Contrapuntal readings: Transnational media research and the cartoon controversy as a global news event. In E. Eide, R. Kunelius, & A. Phillips (Eds.), Transnational media events: The Mohammed cartoons and the imagined clash of civilizations (pp. 11–27). Nordicom, University of Gothenburg. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-10029
- Einspänner, J., Dang-Anh, M., & Thimm, C. (2014). Computer-assisted content analysis of Twitter data. In K. Weller, A. Bruns, J. Burgess, M. Mahrt, & C. Puschmann (Eds.), Twitter and society (pp. 97–108). Peter Lang. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-54492-0
- Frandsen, K. (2003). Globalisation and localisation—TV coverage of the Olympic games in Sydney 2000. In S. Hjarvard (Ed.), Media in a globalized society (pp. 159–185). Museum Tusculanum Press.
- Froio, C., & Ganesh, B. (2018). The transnationalisation of far right discourse on Twitter: Issues and actors that cross borders in Western European democracies. European Societies, 21(4), 513–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2018.1494295
- Ghemawat, P. (2016). The laws of globalization and business applications. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316678503
- Grumke, T. (2013). Globalized anti-globalists: The ideological basis of the internationalization of right-wing extremism. In S. von Mering, & T. W. McCarty (Eds.), Right-wing radicalism today: Perspectives from Europe and the US (pp. 27–35). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203381632
- Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (1992). The summit as media event: The Reagan/Gorbachev meeting on US, Italian and Soviet television. In J. G. Blumler, J. McLeod, & K. E. Rosengren (Eds.), Comparatively speaking: Communication and culture across space and time (pp. 121–139). Sage Publications.
- Hepp, A., & Couldry, N. (2010). Introduction: Media events in globalized media cultures. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, & F. Krotz (Eds.), Media events in a global age (pp. 1–20). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604
- Himelboim, I., Smith, M. A., Rainie, L., Shneiderman, B., & Espina, C. (2017). Classifying Twitter topic-networks using social network analysis. Social Media + Society, 3(1), 2056305117691545. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305117691545
- Hänska, M., & Bauchowitz, S. (2019). Can social media facilitate a European public sphere? Trans-national communication and the Europeanization of Twitter during the eurozone crisis. Social Media + Society, 5(3), 2056305119854686. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119854686
- Jackson, S. J., Bailey, M., & Welles, B. F. (2020). #HashtagActivism: Networks of race and gender justice. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10858.001.0001
- Jost, J. T., Barberá, P., Bonneau, R., Langer, M., Metzger, M., Nagler, J., Sterling, J., & Tucker, J. A. (2018). How social media facilitates political protest: Information, motivation, and social networks. Political Psychology, 39, 85–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12478
- Kellner, D. (2010). Media spectacle and media events: Some critical reflections. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, & F. Krotz (Eds.), Media events in a global age (pp. 76–92). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604
- Kyriakidou, M., Skey, M., Uldam, J., & McCurdy, P. (2018). Media events and cosmopolitan fandom: ‘Playful nationalism’ in the Eurovision song contest. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(6), 603–618. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367877917720238
- Larsson, A. O. (2020). Right-wingers on the rise online: Insights from the 2018 Swedish elections. New Media & Society, 22(12), 2108–2127. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819887700
- Larsson, A. O., & Moe, H. (2016). From emerging to established? A comparison of Twitter use during Swedish election campaigns in 2010 and 2014. In A. O. Larsson, C. Christensen, A. Bruns, G. Enli, & E. Skogerbø (Eds.), The Routledge companion to social media and politics (pp. 311–323). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315716299
- Lim, M. (2018). Roots, routes, and routers: Communications and media of contemporary social movements. Journalism & Communication Monographs, 20(2), 92–136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1522637918770419
- Mahrt, M., & Scharkow, M. (2013). The value of big data in digital media research. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57(1), 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2012.761700
- Matthews, J. S., Pickup, M., & Cutler, F. (2012). The mediated horserace: Campaign polls and poll reporting. Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue canadienne de science politique, 45(2), 261–287. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23320971
- Mocanu, D., Baronchelli, A., Perra, N., Gonçalves, B., Zhang, Q., & Vespignani, A. (2013). The Twitter of Babel: Mapping world languages through microblogging platforms. PloS One, 8(4), e61981. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0061981
- Mortensen, M. (2015). Conflictual media events, eyewitness images, and the Boston marathon bombing (2013). Journalism Practice, 9(4), 536–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1030140
- Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The content analysis guidebook. Sage.
- Nugent, C. (2018, September 7). What to know about Sweden's 2018 elections. Time. http://time.com/5389830/sweden-elections-far-right/
- Oscarsson, H., & Strömbäck, J. (2019). Political communication in the 2018 Swedish election campaign. Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, 121(3), 319–345. https://journals.lub.lu.se/st/article/view/19809/17874
- pandas. (n.d.). About pandas. https://pandas.pydata.org/about/index.html
- Petrarca, C. S., Tyrberg, M., & Wilson, S. L. (2019). The 2018 Swedish election campaign on Twitter. Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, 121(3), 367–392. https://journals.lub.lu.se/st/article/view/19812/17878
- Robertson, A. (2010). Mediated cosmopolitanism: The world of television news. Polity.
- Robertson, C. T., Dutton, W. H., Ackland, R., & Peng, T.-Q. (2019). The democratic role of social media in political debates: The use of Twitter in the first televised US presidential debate of 2016. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 16(2), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2019.1590283
- Roche, M. (2002). Megaevents and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203443941
- Sandberg, L. A. C., Bjereld, U., Bunyik, K., Forsberg, M., & Johansson, R. (2019). Issue salience on Twitter during Swedish party leaders’ debates. Nordicom Review, 40(2), 49–61. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2019-0033
- Sandberg, L. A. C., & Ihlebæk, K. A. (2019). Start sharing the news: Exploring the link between right-wing alternative media and social media during the Swedish 2018 election. Statsvetenskaplig tidskrift, 121(3), 421–440. https://journals.lub.lu.se/st/article/view/19816/17898
- Schroeder, R. (2020). Even in Sweden? Misinformation and elections in the new media landscape. Nordic Journal of Media Studies, 2(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.2478/njms-2020-0009
- Sevin, E., & Uzunoğlu, S. (2017). Do foreigners count? Internationalization of presidential campaigns. American Behavioral Scientist, 61(3), 315–333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217701215
- Singer, P. W., & Brooking, E. T. (2018). Likewar: The weaponization of social media. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
- Sloan, L., & Quan-Haase, A. (2017). The Sage handbook of social media research methods. Sage Publications.
- Sreberny, A. (2016). The 2015 Charlie Hebdo killings, media event chains, and global political responses. International Journal of Communication, 10, 3485–3502.
- Statistics Sweden. (2018). Historisk statistik över valåren 1910–2014. Procentuell fördelning av giltiga valsedlar efter parti och typ av val [Historical statistics of elections 1910–2014: Percentage distribution of valid ballot papers by party and type of election].
- Tomlinson, J. (1999). Globalization and culture. Polity Press.
- Traub, J. (2016, February 10). The death of the most generous nation on earth. Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/02/10/the-death-of-the-most-generous-nation-on-earth-sweden-syria-refugee-europe
- Volkmer, I., & Deffner, F. (2010). Eventspheres as discursive forms: (Re-)negotiating the “mediated center” in new network cultures. In N. Couldry, A. Hepp, & F. Krotz (Eds.), Media events in a global age (pp. 217–230). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203872604
- Wixe, S., & Ek, T. (2018, September 9). This is what's happened in Sweden last night. Aftonbladet. https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/6nR45Q/this-is-whats-happened-in-sweden-last-night
- Yang, K.-C., Varol, O., Davis, C. A., Ferrara, E., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2019). Arming the public with artificial intelligence to counter social bots. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.115