Process Failure in Conditional Cash Transfer Policies: Applying Mcconnelľs Framework in Indonesia’s Decentralized System

This study analyzes process failures in implementing the Family Hope Program (PKH) by applying McConnell’s policy framework in the context of Indonesian decentralization. The study focuses on four main indicators: goal and tool maintenance, legitimacy, coalition, and support for the process. Two districts were compared: North Aceh and Bantul, using a qualitative approach with NVivo thematic coding to identify patterns of failure that developed from tolerable to conflict to total failure. Findings indicate that varying levels of local governance capacity significantly influence the stability of the implementation process. North Aceh experienced significant process failure due to limited coordination, inaccurate poverty indicators, and weak institutional infrastructure.

In contrast, Bantul was more adaptive through data integration, formal cross-sector coordination, and more consistent social support. However, both regions remain vulnerable to legitimacy conflicts, coalition fragmentation, and inconsistencies in vertical coordination. By emphasizing the significance of local coordination capacity, the integrity of implementing actors, and data governance as critical elements for robust policy processes in decentralized systems, this study theoretically broadens McConnell’s paradigm. Practically speaking, the study’s findings highlight the need for better interagency coordination systems, stronger institutional integration between national and local administrations, and unified data governance. In conclusion, this study provides insightful, factual and analytical information to enhance the implementation of social protection programs in developing countries.