Have a personal or library account? Click to login

Taking Stock of 30 Years of CEE Transformation: Institutionalisation of Public Sector Integrity Management in Estonia

Open Access
|Dec 2024

References

  1. Allina-Pisano, J. (2010). Social Contracts and Authoritarian Projects in Post-Soviet Space: The Use of Administrative Resource. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 43(4), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2010.10.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2010.10.001
  2. Andersson, S., & Anechiarico, F. (2019). Corruption and Corruption Control. Democracy in the Balance. Routledge.
  3. Batory, A. (2012). Why do Anti-Corruption Laws Fail in Central Eastern Europe? A Target Compliance Perspective. Regulation & Governance, 6,66-82. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2011.01125.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2011.01125.x
  4. Bowman, J. S. (2000). Towards a Professional Ethos: from Regulatory to Reflective Codes. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 66, 673-687. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852300664003">https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852300664003
  5. Brewer, B., Leung, J. Y. H., & Scott, I. (2015). Value-Based Integrity Management and Bureaucratic Organizations: Changing the Mix, International Public Management Journal, 18(3), 390-410. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2015.1030053">https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2015.1030053
  6. Christensen, T., Lægreid, P., Roness, P.G., & Røvik, K. A. (2007). Organization Theory and the Public Sector. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203929216">https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203929216
  7. Demmke, C., Paulini, M., Autioniemi, J., & Lenner. F. (2020). The Effectiveness of Conflict of Interest Policies in the EU-Member States. European Parliament.
  8. Drechsler, W. (2005). The Re-emergence of‘Weberian’ Public Administration after the Fall of New Public Management: The Central and Eastern European perspective. Halduskultuur, 6, 94-108.
  9. European Council. (1993). Presidency Conclusions. SN 200/93. Presented at European Council meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark, 21-22 June.
  10. Government of the Republic of Estonia. (March 18,2021). Decision on the Good Practice Guidelines for Public Officials Concerning Lobbying.
  11. Goetz, K. H., & Margetts, H. Z. (1999). The Solitary Center: The Core Executive in Central and Eastern Europe. Governance, 12(4), 425-453. https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00112">https://doi.org/10.1111/0952-1895.00112
  12. Grabbe, H. (2003). Europeanization Goes East: Power and Uncertainty in the EU Accession Process. In K. Featherstone and C. M. Radaelli (eds). The Politics of Europeanization (pp. 303-327). Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252092.003.0013">https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252092.003.0013
  13. GRECO. (2001). First Evaluation Round: Evaluation Report on Estonia. Adopted by GRECO at 6th Plenary Meeting, Strasbourg, 10-14 September 2001. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentld=09000016806c327a
  14. GRECO. (2004). Second Evaluation Round: Evaluation Report on Estonia. Adopted by GRECO at 19th Plenary Meeting, Strasbourg, 28 June - 2 July 2004. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentld=09000016806c3280
  15. GRECO. (2012). Fourth Evaluation Round: Evaluation Report on Estonia: Corruption Prevention in Respect of Members of Parliament, Judges and Prosecutors. Adopted by GRECO at 58th Plenary Meeting, Strasbourg, 3-7 December 2012. https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentld=09000016806c32b5
  16. GRECO. (2018). Fifth Evaluation Round: Evaluation Report on Estonia: Preventing Corruption and Promoting Integrity in Central Governments (top executive functions) and Law Enforcement Agencies. Adopted by GRECO at 81st Plenary Meeting, Strasbourg, 3-7 December 2018. https://rm.coe.int/fifth-evaluation-round-preventing-corruption-and-promoting-integrity-i/1680900551
  17. Hardy, A. (2010). Fighting Corruption in Croatia with the Prospect of European Union Membership. Romanian Journal of Political Science, 10(1), 63-95.
  18. Heywood, P. M., & Johnson, E. (2017). Cultural Specificity Versus Institutional Universalism: A Critique of the National Integrity System (NIS) Methodology. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68, 309-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9709-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9709-z
  19. Kalninš, V. (2015). Anticorruption Policies Revisited: Background Paper on Estonia. http://anticorrp.eu/publications/background-paper-on-estonia/
  20. Karklins, R. (2002). Typology of Post-Communist Corruption. Problems of Post-Communism, 49(4), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2002.11655993">https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2002.11655993
  21. Laar, M. (2015). Pôôre: Mälestusi I. Read OÚ.
  22. Lawton, A., Rayner, J., & Lasthuizen, K. (2013). Ethics and Management in the Public Sector. Routledge
  23. Lippert, B., Umbach, G., & Wessels, W. (2001). Europeanisation of CEE Executives: EU Membership Negotiations as a Shaping Power. Journal of European Policy, 8(6), 980-1012. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110098314">https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760110098314
  24. Loot, H. (2011). Keynote Speech on Public Sector Ethics Conference. Tallinn, 29.11.2011
  25. Macaulay, M., & Mulcahy, S. (2017). Exploring the Impact of National Integrity System Assessments: Experience from the UK and New Zealand. Crime, Law and Social Change, 68(3), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9708-0">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-017-9708-0
  26. Maesschalck, J. (2004). Approaches to Ethics Management in the Public Sector: A Proposed Extension of the Compliance-integrity Continuum. Public Integrity, 7(1), 20-41. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2497549">https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2497549
  27. Maesschalck, J., Hoekstra, A., & van Montfort, A. (2024). Integrity Management Systems. In M. Kaptein (Ed.), Research Handbook on Organisational Integrity (pp. 542-557). Edward Elgar Publishing, https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803927930.00043">https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803927930.00043
  28. Mereste, U. (2006). Korruptsioon ja Korruptsioonivastane Seadus. Riigikogu Toimetised, 13, 195-205.
  29. Meyer-Sahling, J. H. & Mikkelsen, K. S. (2022). Codes of Ethics, Disciplinary Codes, and the Effectiveness of Anti-corruption Frameworks: Evidence from a Survey of Civil Servants in Poland. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 42(1), 142-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X20949420">https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X20949420
  30. Meyer-Sahling, J.-EL, & Yesilkagit, K. (2011). Differential Legacy Effects: Three Propositions on the Impact of Administrative Traditions on Public Administration Reform in Europe East and West. Journal of European Public Policy, 18(2), 311-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2011.544515">https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2011.544515
  31. Ministry of Justice. (2012a). Explanatory memorandum to the Civil Service Act. https://www.riigikogu.ee/tegevus/eelnoud/eelnou/c99b9c50-6462-4182-a6ce-d182400elbae/avaliku-teenistuse-seadus
  32. Ministry of Justice (2012b). Explanatory memorandum to the Anti-Corruption Act. https://www.riigikogu.ee/tegevus/eelnoud/eelnou/369e4999-cf7d-488b-8155-f688cd9d23ee/korruptsioonivastane-seadus
  33. Møller, J., & Skaaning, S. E. (2009). Post-communist Corruption: In a League of its own? Australian Journal of Political Science, 44(4), 721-730. https://doi.org/10.1080/10361140903296610">https://doi.org/10.1080/10361140903296610
  34. National Audit Office. (2009). Prevention of corruption in the work of local self-governments. Audit Report to Riigikogu, 22 December.
  35. National Audit Office. (2012). Prevention of corruption in the transactions of local self-governments. Audit Report to Riigikogu, 30 October.
  36. National Audit Office. (2017). Implementation of Anti-Corruption Act in local self-governments. Audit Report to Riigikogu, 9 June.
  37. Nemec, J. (2009). Public Management Reforms in CEE: Lessons Learned. In G. Bouckaert, J. Nemec, V. Nakrošis, G. Hajnal and K. Tónnisson (eds). Public Management Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 343-371).NISPAcee.
  38. OECD. (2000). Trust in Government. Ethics Measures in OECD Countries, http://www.irpa.eu/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/8.-OECD_ethic-measures-case-studie_00.pdf
  39. OECD. (2009). Toward a Sound Integrity Framework: Instruments, Processes, Structures and Conditions for Implementation. OECD. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281280788_Towards_a_sound_integrity_framework_instruments_processes_structures_and_conditions_for_implementation
  40. OECD. (2020). Public Integrity Handbook. OECD, https://doi.org/10.1787/ac8ed8e8-en">https://doi.org/10.1787/ac8ed8e8-en
  41. Olsen, J. P. (2009). Change and Continuity: An Institutional Approach to Institutions of Democratic Government. European Political Science Review, 1(1), 3-32. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773909000022">https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773909000022
  42. Pawelke, A. (2010). Anti-corruption in Slovakia: The Role of Civil Society. Romanian Journal of Political Science, 10(2), 96-117.
  43. Perlman, B. J., Reddick, C. G., Demir, T., & Ogilby, S. M. (2021) What Do Local Governments Teach about in Ethics Training? Compliance versus Integrity. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 27(4), 490-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2021.1972742">https://doi.org/10.1080/15236803.2021.1972742
  44. Persson, A., Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2010). The Failure of Anti-corruption Policies: A Theoretical Mischaracterization of the Problem. QoG Working Paper Series, 19.
  45. Pevkur, A. (2008). Training Public Service Ethics - Lessons Learned in Estonia. In Vass, L., O. Kulenkova-Orzhel, and C. Pollitt (eds.), Leadership and Management in the Public Sector: Values, Standards and Competencies in Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 63-71). NISPAcee.
  46. Randma-Liiv, T., & Drechsler, W. (2017). Three Decades, Four Phases: Public Administration Development in Central and Eastern Europe, 1989-2017. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 30(6-7), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2017-0175">https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2017-0175
  47. Randma-Liiv, T., Metsma, M., & Sarapuu, K. (2013). Between Continuity and Change: The Analysis of the Estonian Civil Service Training System. In M. Vintar, A. Rosenbaum, G. Jenei, and W. Drechsler (eds.), The Past, Present and the Future of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe (pp. 195-218). NISPAcee Press.
  48. Randma-Liiv, T., Pesti, C., & Sarapuu, K. (2022). Public Service Development in Estonia: From Patronage to Meritocracy. In Baimenov, A; P. Liverakos (eds.), Public Service Evolution in the 15 Post-soviet Countries: Diversity in Transformation (pp. 135-166). Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2462-9_5">https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2462-9_5
  49. Randma-Liiv, T., Uudelepp, A., & Sarapuu, K. (2015). From Network to Hierarchy: The Evolution of the Estonian Senior Civil Service Development System. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 81(2), 373-391. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314566001">https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314566001
  50. Rohr, J. A. (1989). Ethics for Bureaucrats: An Essay on Law and Values. Marcel Dekker.
  51. Saarniit, L. (2006). A Public Service Code of Ethics Applied in a Transitional Setting: The Case of Estonia. Public Integrity, 8(1), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922080104">https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922080104
  52. Sadiku, L. (2010). Civil Society and Anti-corruption Experiences from Albania, Kosovo and Serbia. Romanian Journal of Political Science, 10(2), 34-62.
  53. Sarapuu, K. (2011). Post-communist Development of Administrative Structure in Estonia: From Fragmentation to Segmentation. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 35(4), 54-73.
  54. Sarapuu, K. (2012). Administrative Structure in Times of Changes: The Development of Estonian Ministries and Government Agencies 1990-2010. International Journal of Public Administration, 35(12), 808-819. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2012.715561">https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2012.715561
  55. Schmidt, D. (2007). Anti-corruption: What Do We Know? Research on Preventing Corruption in the Post-communist World. Political Studies Review, 5, 202-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9299.2007.00129.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9299.2007.00129.x
  56. Sihver, A. (2013). Estonia. In OECD (ed.), Ethics Training for Public Officials (pp. 31-35). OECD/SIGMA.
  57. Stevulak, C., & Brown, M. P. (2011). Activating Public Sector Ethics in Transitional Societies: The Promise of Integrity. Public Integrity, 13(2), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922130201">https://doi.org/10.2753/PIN1099-9922130201
  58. Zaloznaya, M. (2017). The Politics of Bureaucratic Corruption in Post-transitional Eastern Europe. Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316875582">https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316875582
  59. Transparency International. (2012). NIS Assessment Toolkit. https://files.transparencycdn.org/images/NIS_AssessmentToolkit_EN.pdf
  60. Transparency International. (2024). Corruption Perceptions Index 2023. https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023
  61. Tremblay, M., Martineau, J.T., & Pauchant, T.C. (2017). Managing Organizational Ethics in the Public Sector: A Pluralist Contingency Approach as an Alternative to the Integrity Management Framework. Public Integrity, 19(3), 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1230688">https://doi.org/10.1080/10999922.2016.1230688
  62. Vachudova, M. A. (2009). Corruption and Compliance in the EU’s Post-communist Members and Candidates. lournal of Common Market Studies, 47, 43-62. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2009.02013.x">https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2009.02013.x
  63. Verheijen, A. J. G. (2007). Public Administration in Post-communist States. In B.G. Peters and J. Pierre (eds). Handbook of Public Administration (pp. 311-320). SAGE Publications, https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857020970.n26">https://doi.org/10.4135/9780857020970.n26
  64. World Values Survey Wave. (1995-1998). http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSOnline.jsp
Language: English
Page range: 153 - 181
Published on: Dec 11, 2024
Published by: NISPAcee
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year

© 2024 Leno Saarniit, Külli Sarapuu, published by NISPAcee
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.