Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Service Life of Concrete Pedestal without Air Entrainment Cover

Service Life of Concrete Pedestal without Air Entrainment

Open Access
|Jul 2021

References

  1. 1. Lahdensivu J: “Durability Properties and Actual Deterioration of Finnish Concrete Façades and Balconies”, PhD thesis, TUT Publ. 1028, Tampere University of Technology, 2012, 117 p.
  2. 2. Pakkala TA, Köliö A, Lahdensivu J & Kiviste M: “Durability demands related to frost attack for Finnish concrete buildings in changing climate”, Building and Environment, Vol 82, No. December 2014, pp. 27-41.10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.07.028
  3. 3. Jylhä K, Ruosteenoja K, Räisänen J, Venäläinen A, Tuomenvirta H, Ruokolainen L, Saku S & Seitola T: “The changing climate in Finland: estimates for adaptation studies” (“Suomen muuttuva ilmasto: arvioita ja sopeutumistutkimuksia”), ACCLIM-project report 2009. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Reports 4, 2009, 102 pp. (In Finnish).
  4. 4. Kuosa H & Vesikari E: “Ensuring of concrete frost resistance Part 1: Basic data and service life design” (“Betonin pakkasenkestävyyden varmistaminen Osa 1: perusteet ja käyttöikäsuunnittelu”), VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Research notes 2056, 2000, 141 p. (in Finnish)
  5. 5. Fagerlund G: “The critical degree of saturation method of assessing the freeze/thaw resistance of concrete”, Tentative RILEM recommendation. Prepared on behalf of RILEM Committee 4 CDC. Materiaux et Constructions, Vol. 58, 1977, pp. 217–229.10.1007/BF02478693
  6. 6. Pigeon M & Pleau R: “Durability of concrete in cold climates”, Suffolk, E & FN Spon, 1995, 244 pp.
  7. 7. Penttala V: “Freezing-induced strains and pressures in wet porous materials and especially in concrete mortars”, Advanced Cement Based Materials, Vol. 7, 1998, pp. 8-19.10.1016/S1065-7355(97)00011-4
  8. 8. Hedlund H, Jonasson J-E: “Effect on stress development of restrained thermal and moisture deformation” In: Baroghel-Bouny V, Aïticin P-C, editors. Shrinkage of concrete, shrinkage 2000. CachanCedex. RILEM proceedings PRO17, 2000, pp. 355 - 377.
  9. 9. Mäkinen K: “Strength and physical properties of materials”, Builders calendar 2011, Rakennustieto Oy, Hämeenlinna, 2010, pp. 375 - 378
  10. 10. Neville AM: “Properties of concrete”, Longman Group Limited, Essex, England, 1995, 844 p.
  11. 11. Sarja A & Vesikari E (Ed.): “Durability Design of Concrete Structures”, Report of RILEM Technical Committee TC 130-CSL, RILEM, 1996, 165 pp.
  12. 12. FIB, “Model Code for Service Life Design”, Bulletin 34, FIB, 2006, 206 pp.
  13. 13. Kuosa H, Ferreira RM, Holt E, Leivo M & Vesikari E: “Effect of coupled deterioration by freeze–thaw, carbonation and chlorides on concrete service life”, Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 47, 2014, pp. 32–40.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.10.008
  14. 14. Ferreira R M, Kuosa H & Makkonen L: “Performance & Durability of Concrete in Extreme Cold Environment”, CSLA Project – Task 1. Literature Review, VTT-R-073643-12, VTT, 2012.
  15. 15. Fagerlund G: “On the service life of concrete exposed to frost action”, “Freeze-Thaw Durability of Concrete” (Edited by Marchand J, Pigeon M. & Setzer, M.), 1997, pp. 21-41.
  16. 16. Bager D H & Jacobsen S: “A conceptual model for the freeze-thaw damage of concrete” Proceedings, 3rd Nordic Research Seminar Frost resistance of building materials, 1999, pp. 1-18.
  17. 17. Fagerlund G: “A service life model for internal frost damage in concrete”, Division for Building Material, Lund Institute of Technology, TVBM-3119, 2004, 136 p.
  18. 18. Scherer G & Valenza J: “Mechanisms of Frost Damage”, Proceedings, “Materials Science of Concrete”, American Ceramic Society, Vol. 7, 2005, pp. 209–246.
  19. 19. Vesikari E, Kuosa H, Piironen J & Ferreira RM: “Modelling synergistic effects of carbonation/chloride penetration and frost attack for service life design of concrete bridges”, Proceedings, IABMAS, 2012, pp. 3297-3933.10.1201/b12352-585
  20. 20. Finnish Concrete Association, “Concrete Codes - by65”, 2016, 164 pp. (In Finnish)
  21. 21. ISO 15686-1: Buildings and constructed assets – Service life planning, 2011
  22. 22. De Brito J, Silva A: “Report prepared by CIB W080 - Prediction of service life of building materials & components”, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, 2021, 83 pp.
  23. 23. Köliö A: “Propagation of Carbonation Induced Reinforcement Corrosion in Existing Concrete Facades Exposed to the Finnish Climate”, PhD thesis, TUT Publ. 1399, Tampere University of Technology, 2016, 147 pp.
  24. 24. Li G, Wang D & Du J: “Deterioration and Service Life Prediction of Concrete Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Na2SO4 Solution”, American Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4, issue 3, 2016, 104 – 110 pp.10.11648/j.ajce.20160403.17
  25. 25. Pakkala TA, Lemberg AM, Lahdensivu J & Pentti M: “Climate change effect on wind-driven rain on facades”, Nordic Concrete Research, No. 54, 2016, pp. 31-49.
  26. 26. Shang H, Cao W & Wang B: “Effect of Fast Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Mechanical Properties of Ordinary-Air-Entrained Concrete”, The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 7 pp.10.1155/2014/923032403356024895671
  27. 27. Leivo M: “Ensuring freeze-thaw resistance of concrete, part 2. Quality control and quality assurance” (”Betonin pakkasenkestävyyden varmistaminen, Osa 2. Laadunvalvonta ja -varmistus”), Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus (VTT), 2000, 38 pp. (In Finnish)
  28. 28. Lahdensivu J & Aromaa, J: “Repair of alkali aggregate reaction damaged swimming pool”, Case Studies in Construction Materials, Vol. 3, 2015, pp. 1-8.10.1016/j.cscm.2015.04.002
  29. 29. Schiessl P, Bamforth P, Baroghel-Bouny V, Corley G, Faber M, Forbes J, Gehlen C, Helene P, Helland S, Ishida T, Markeset G, Nilsson L, Rostam S, Siemes A & Walraven J: “Model Code for Service Life Design”, International Federation for Structural Concrete (fib), 2006, 116 p.10.35789/fib.BULL.0034
  30. 30. Yu H, Ma H & Yan K: “An equation for determining freeze-thaw fatigue damage in concrete and a model for predicting the service life”, Construction and building materials. Vol. 137, 2017, 104 - 116 p.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.01.042
  31. 31. Finnish Standard Association, SFS 5447: “Concrete. Durability. Freeze-thaw resistance”, Finland, 1988, 318 pp. (In Finnish).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2021-0008 | Journal eISSN: 2545-2819 | Journal ISSN: 0800-6377
Language: English
Page range: 93 - 107
Submitted on: Mar 31, 2021
Accepted on: Jun 16, 2021
Published on: Jul 17, 2021
Published by: Nordic Concrete Federation
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2021 Niko Lindman, Jukka Kallio, Jukka Lahdensivu, published by Nordic Concrete Federation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.