Salt-Frost Scaling of Concrete with Slag and Fly Ash - Influence of Carbonation and Prolonged Conditioning on Test Results
By:
References
- 1. European Committee for Standardization, CEN/TS 12390-9: “Testing hardened concrete - Part 9: Freeze-thaw resistance - Scaling”. Brussels, Belgium, 2005.
- 2. Utgenannt P, “The influence of aging on the salt-frost resistance of concrete”. Report TVBM-021, Division of Building Materials, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden, 2004.
- 3. Gunter M, Bier T A & Hilsdorf H K: “Effect of curing and type of cement on the resistance of concrete to freezing in salt solutions”. ACI SP-100, Concrete Durability, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, USA, 1987, pp 877-899.
- 4. Stark J & Ludwig H-M: “Freeze-thaw and freeze-deicing salt resistance of concrete containing cement rich in granulated blast-furnace slag”. ACI Materials Journal, Vol. 94, No. 1, 1997.10.14359/284
- 5. European Committee for Standardization, EN 206:2013: “Concrete - Specification, performance, production and conformity”. Brussels, Belgium, 2013.
- 6. European Committee for Standardization, EN 197-1:2011: “Cement - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements”. Brussels, Belgium, 2011.
- 7. European Committee for Standardization, EN 15167-1:2006: “Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria”. Brussels, Belgium, 2006.
- 8. European Committee for Standardization, EN 450-1:2012: “Fly ash for concrete - Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria”. Brussels, Belgium, 2012.
- 9. Swedish Institute for Standards, SS 137003:2015: “Concrete - Application of EN 206 in Sweden”, Stockholm, Sweden, 2015.
- 10. European Committee for Standardization, EN 12350-6:2009: “Testing fresh concrete - Part 6: Density”. Brussels, Belgium, 2009.
- 11. European Committee for Standardization, EN 12350-7:2009: “Testing fresh concrete - Part 7: Air content - Pressure method”. Brussels, Belgium, 2009.
- 12. European Committee for Standardization, EN 12390-3:2009, “Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens”. Brussels, Belgium, 2009
- 13. European Committee for Standardization, EN 480-11: “Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete”. Brussels, Belgium, 2005.
- 14. Helsing E: “Salt-frostprovning av betong med slagg och flygaska”. CBI report 2017:4, Research Institute of Sweden, Borås, Sweden, 2017. (In Swedish).
- 15. Swedish Institute for Standards, SS 137244:2005: “Betongprovning - Hårdnad betong - Avflagning vid frysning”. Stockholm, Sweden, 2005. (In Swedish).
- 16. Fagerlund G: “Betongkonstruktioners beständighet - En översikt”, Cementa AB, Danderyd, Sweden, 1987. (In Swedish).
- 17. Utgenannt P: “Bindemedlets inverkan på betongfrostbeständighet. Provkroppar tillverkade 1996 - Material och tillverkningsdata samt resultat från beständighetsprovning i laboratorium”. BTB-rapport nr 1, Sveriges Provnings och Forskningsinstitut, Borås, Sweden, 1996. (In Swedish).
- 18. Helsing Atlassi E: “A quantitative thermogravimetric study on the non-evaporable water in mature silica fume concrete”. Dissertation, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 1993.
- 19. Löfgren I, Lindvall A & Esping O: “Beständighet hos anläggningskonstruktioner, Etapp I funktionella materialkrav, Betong med flygaska och GGBS, Frostbeständighet (delprojekt 1 c)”. Thomas Concrete Group AB, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2016. (In Swedish).
- 20. Gabrielsson I, Ewertson C & Utgenannt P: “Motstand mot tinesalter og frostskador i betong”, Report nr 515, Statens Vegvesen, Vegdirektoratet, Trafiksikkerhet, miljö- og teknologiavdelingen, Tunnel og Betong, 2016, Norge. (In Norwegian).
- 21. Boubitsas D, Utgenannt P, Tang L & Helsing E: “Frost resistance of concrete -Experience from long term field exposure”. Proceedings PRO 114, The International RILEM Conference Materials, Systems and Structures in Civil Engineering 2016, Segment on Frost Action in Concrete”, Lyngby, Denmark, August 2016 (edited by Tange Hasholt, Fridh and Houton), RILEM, pp 21-30.
- 22. Kousa H: “Concrete durability field testing - Field and laboratory results 2007 - 2010 in Duraint project”. VTT report VTT-R-00428, VTT The Finnish technical Research Institute, Espoo, Finland, 2010.
Language: English
Page range: 89 - 108
Submitted on: Sep 15, 2020
Accepted on: Dec 29, 2020
Published on: Dec 31, 2020
Published by: Nordic Concrete Federation
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 times per year
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2020 Elisabeth Helsing, Peter Utgenannt, published by Nordic Concrete Federation
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.