Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Enhancing mechanical properties of PVC composites through surface composite modified calcium sulfate whiskers Cover

Enhancing mechanical properties of PVC composites through surface composite modified calcium sulfate whiskers

Open Access
|Nov 2024

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Effect of different modification temperatures on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.
Effect of different modification temperatures on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.

Figure 2

Contact angle of CSW at different modification temperatures.
Contact angle of CSW at different modification temperatures.

Figure 3

Effect of different modification times on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.
Effect of different modification times on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.

Figure 4

Contact angle of CSW at different modification times.
Contact angle of CSW at different modification times.

Figure 5

Effect of different stirring speeds on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.
Effect of different stirring speeds on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.

Figure 6

Contact angle of CSW at different stir-ring speeds.
Contact angle of CSW at different stir-ring speeds.

Figure 7

Effect of the titanate coupling agent addition on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.
Effect of the titanate coupling agent addition on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.

Figure 8

Contact angle of CSW with different titanate coupling agent additions.
Contact angle of CSW with different titanate coupling agent additions.

Figure 9

Effect of the stearate-to-titanate mass ratio on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.
Effect of the stearate-to-titanate mass ratio on contact angle and surface free energy of CSW.

Figure 10

Contact angle of CSW with different stearate-to-titanate mass ratios.
Contact angle of CSW with different stearate-to-titanate mass ratios.

Figure 11

XRD patterns of anhydrous CSW before and after surface modification: (a) CSW, (b) MCSW, and (c) CMCSW.
XRD patterns of anhydrous CSW before and after surface modification: (a) CSW, (b) MCSW, and (c) CMCSW.

Figure 12

SEM images and contact angles of CSW before and after modification: (A) and (a) CSW, (B) and (b) MCSW, and (C) and (c) CMCSW.
SEM images and contact angles of CSW before and after modification: (A) and (a) CSW, (B) and (b) MCSW, and (C) and (c) CMCSW.

Figure 13

TEM images of modified CSW: (a) TEM photo of MCSW, (b) HRTEM photo of MCSW, (c) SAED photo of MCSW, (d) TEM photo of CMCSW, (e) HRTEM photo of CMCSW, and (f) SAED photo of CMCSW.
TEM images of modified CSW: (a) TEM photo of MCSW, (b) HRTEM photo of MCSW, (c) SAED photo of MCSW, (d) TEM photo of CMCSW, (e) HRTEM photo of CMCSW, and (f) SAED photo of CMCSW.

Figure 14

FT-IR patterns of anhydrous CSW before and after surface modification: (a) CSW, (b) MCSW, and (c) CMCSW.
FT-IR patterns of anhydrous CSW before and after surface modification: (a) CSW, (b) MCSW, and (c) CMCSW.

Figure 15

XPS analysis of MCSW: (a) total spectrum, (b) Ca, (c) Ti, (d) S, and (e) O.
XPS analysis of MCSW: (a) total spectrum, (b) Ca, (c) Ti, (d) S, and (e) O.

Figure 16

TG-DSC plot of CMCSW.
TG-DSC plot of CMCSW.

Figure 17

Modification mechanism diagram of CSW.
Modification mechanism diagram of CSW.

Figure 18

Mechanical properties of PVC composites with different additions of CSWs: (a) tensile strength and (b) elongation at break.
Mechanical properties of PVC composites with different additions of CSWs: (a) tensile strength and (b) elongation at break.

Figure 19

Stress–strain curve of CSW/MCSW/CMCSW-PVC composites: (a) stress–strain curve of CSW-PVC composite, (b) stress–strain curve of MCSW-PVC composite, and (c) stress–strain curve of CMCSW-PVC composite.
Stress–strain curve of CSW/MCSW/CMCSW-PVC composites: (a) stress–strain curve of CSW-PVC composite, (b) stress–strain curve of MCSW-PVC composite, and (c) stress–strain curve of CMCSW-PVC composite.

Figure 20

Interaction mechanism of CMCSW with PVC composites.
Interaction mechanism of CMCSW with PVC composites.

Mechanical property parameters of PVC composites with different additions of CSW/MCSW/CMCSW_

SpecimensTensile strength (MPa)Elongation at break (%)Permissible tensile stress (σ) (MPa)Strength max (N)Young’s modulus (MPa)Durometer (HA)
10%60%
Unfilled23.8897.4515.92416.30159.226.5390
CSW527.97119.7518.64538.99186.431.0789
CSW1029.82190.7319.88534.61198.833.1396
CSW1531.58221.8621.05617.49210.535.0895
CSW2030.92186.7420.61627.72206.134.3593
MCSW533.90154.3022.60623.96226.037.6793
MCSW1036.80192.5124.53626.09245.324.5395
MCSW1537.19240.5024.79665.82247.941.3296
MCSW2034.90230.7323.26668.74232.638.7798
CMCSW539.22215.4026.14627.21261.443.5797
CMCSW1041.04263.1627.36726.69273.645.6098
CMCSW1541.25352.6127.50787.41275.045.8398
CMCSW2037.24254.8124.83751.34248.341.3899

Composition of ammonium sulfate wastewater_

Name SO 4 2 {\text{SO}}_{4}^{2-} MgOBaOCaOMnO2 NH 4 + {\text{NH}}_{4}^{+}
Concentration (g/L)<0.05<0.0100.0179.290.961.09

PVC composite material formula_

ComponentPVCStabilizerACRDOP
Dosage/parts10047.525
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2024-0031 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
Language: English
Page range: 55 - 71
Submitted on: Jun 21, 2024
|
Accepted on: Sep 10, 2024
|
Published on: Nov 8, 2024
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2024 Yi-Ming Zhang, Jinxiu Wu, Qi Lu, Si-Cheng Qin, Zhao-Gang Liu, Yan-Hong Hu, Xiao-Wei Zhang, Jian-Fei Li, Dan-Hong Yang, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.