Fig. 1.
![SEM of biochar prepared by (a) rice straw [88], (b) water hyacinth [89], (c) crab shell [90], (d) pinewood [91], (e) eucalyptus [92], (f) sugarcane bagasse [93]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/666047fedd1c3d1f87135322/j_msp-2024-0022_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251204%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251204T150708Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=2c7aa9e7fe4cbbf7bcc29811ccc6ee5c9debb72174bd96f890e07989bff636d7&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 2.
![(a) AFM of 0% BMBA, (b) AFM of 6% BMBA, (c) AFM of 8% BMBA [70]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/666047fedd1c3d1f87135322/j_msp-2024-0022_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251204%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251204T150708Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=e97f83e268b062715882c18f29932b2f73a2c2e9d1ef2edb6652820d4028074b&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 3.
![Biochar greatly increases mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures [76]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/666047fedd1c3d1f87135322/j_msp-2024-0022_fig_003.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251204%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251204T150708Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=ec8b04bf986c914406aa838e0c311b6a264a14a0cc4bd4507662d9425dbb8c5b&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 4.
![LCA phases and processes of biochar utilization in asphalt [78]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/666047fedd1c3d1f87135322/j_msp-2024-0022_fig_004.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251204%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251204T150708Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=ce78a1162357ac52df94a0824955df3a00b959d61a93cb489b7812406b7b700d&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Fig. 5.
![Carbon-footprint analysis of processes throughout the life cycles of acacia biochar and silver-grass biochar [84]](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/666047fedd1c3d1f87135322/j_msp-2024-0022_fig_005.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=AKIA6AP2G7AKOUXAVR44%2F20251204%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20251204T150708Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Signature=fb793749298f50cdc0309edbc9dbd484053770a4ea660a0ed367a6fae0144892&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Summary of the advantages and disadvantages of biochar utilization in asphalt pavement engineering applications
| Application | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Asphalt binder modifier |
|
|
| Asphalt mixture additive |
|
|
| Stormwater filter material |
|
|