Fig. 1.
Digital image of (a) Mature Luffa cylindrica plant fruit; (b) waste outer skin of Luffa cylindrica fruit; (c) extracted Luffa cylindrica fibre
Fig. 2.
Schematic diagram of the extraction process of Luffa cylindrica fibre
Fig. 3.
Typical SEM observations of composite specimens
Fig. 4.
Tensile properties of LCF/GSP/PF hybrid composites under dry conditions: (a) tensile strength, and (b) tensile modulus
Fig. 5.
Flexural properties of LCF/GSP/PF hybrid composites under dry conditions: (a) flexural strength and (b) flexural modulus
Fig. 6.
Impact strength of LCF/GSP/PE hybrid composites under dry conditions
Fig. 7.
Water absorption behaviours of LCF/GSP/PF composites based on the exposure time
Fig. 8.
Thickness swelling behaviours of LCF/GSP/PF composites based on the exposure time
Fig. 9.
Tensile properties of the LCF/GSP/PF hybrid composites under wet conditions
Fig. 10.
Flexural properties of LCF/GSP/PF hybrid composites under wet conditions
Fig. 11.
Impact strength of the LCF/GSP/PF hybrid composites under wet conditions
Table 1.
Comparison between some mechanical and physical properties of the developed green composite with DPL-reinforced composite
| Properties | Developed green material Ref. 25LCF/15GSP | DPL-reinforced composite [30] |
|---|---|---|
| Average tensile strength | Mean of 52 MPA | Ranged between 48 and 62.6 MPa |
| Tensile modulus | Mean of 1200 MPA | Max 1180 MPA |
| Flexural strength | Mean of 60 MPa (2 mm/min) | Max 52 MPa (at 5 mm/min loading speed) |
| Water absorption | Up to 3.3% after 120 H | Up to 5.8% |