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Evaluation of the possibility of improving the durability of tools made of X153CrMoV12 steel used in the extrusion of a clay band in ceramic roof tile production Cover

Evaluation of the possibility of improving the durability of tools made of X153CrMoV12 steel used in the extrusion of a clay band in ceramic roof tile production

Materials Science-Poland
Volume 41 (2023): Issue 1 (March 2023)
By: Marek Hawryluk,  Jan Marzec,  Marzena Lachowicz,  Piotr Makuła and  Kamila Nowak  
Open Access
|Jul 2023

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1.

Ceramic roof tile extrusion process – A) schematic diagram of construction of extruder barrels: 1 - vacuum zone, 2 - screw, 3 - pressure head, 4 - forming tool [25], B) main view of extruder, C) process of band forming
Ceramic roof tile extrusion process – A) schematic diagram of construction of extruder barrels: 1 - vacuum zone, 2 - screw, 3 - pressure head, 4 - forming tool [25], B) main view of extruder, C) process of band forming

Fig. 2.

Example of worn tool - A) results of 3D scanning, B) scratches, C) crack
Example of worn tool - A) results of 3D scanning, B) scratches, C) crack

Fig. 3.

Results of hardness measurements of steel after the performed heat treatment variants
Results of hardness measurements of steel after the performed heat treatment variants

Fig. 4.

Examples of damage in the form of cracks to the NC11LV tools forming the clay band
Examples of damage in the form of cracks to the NC11LV tools forming the clay band

Fig. 5.

Results of the ball-on-disc tests for the analyzed materials
Results of the ball-on-disc tests for the analyzed materials

Fig. 6.

Track profiles for the ball-on-disc test: A) sample 960/450, B) sample 1060/450, C) sample 1020/200
Track profiles for the ball-on-disc test: A) sample 960/450, B) sample 1060/450, C) sample 1020/200

Fig. 7.

Friction coefficients in the ball-on-disc test for both analyzed materials
Friction coefficients in the ball-on-disc test for both analyzed materials

Fig. 8.

View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11. sample 960/450 (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state
View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11. sample 960/450 (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state

Fig. 9.

Microscopic SEM image, sample 960/450 (A) with the distribution of: iron (B), chromium (C) and vanadium (D). SEM/EDS
Microscopic SEM image, sample 960/450 (A) with the distribution of: iron (B), chromium (C) and vanadium (D). SEM/EDS

Fig. 10.

View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11LV – sample 1060/450 (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state
View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11LV – sample 1060/450 (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state

Fig. 11.

View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11LV – sample 1020/200, (B) magnified, fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state
View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11LV – sample 1020/200, (B) magnified, fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state

Fig. 12.

View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11LV in the sub-surface area in sample 960/450, (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state
View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11LV in the sub-surface area in sample 960/450, (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state

Fig. 13.

View of (A) microscopy of steel NC11LV in the sub-surface area, sample 1060/450, (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state
View of (A) microscopy of steel NC11LV in the sub-surface area, sample 1060/450, (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state

Fig. 14.

View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11LV in the sub-surface area of sample 1020/200, (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state
View of (A) microstructure of steel NC11LV in the sub-surface area of sample 1020/200, (B) magnified fragment of the area. Light microscopy, etched state

Fig. 15.

Course of a crack developing on the surface. Etched state, SEM – sample 1060/450
Course of a crack developing on the surface. Etched state, SEM – sample 1060/450

Fig. 16.

Spalling of carbides observed in the sub-surface area of steel in state 2. Etched state, SEM, sample 1060/450
Spalling of carbides observed in the sub-surface area of steel in state 2. Etched state, SEM, sample 1060/450

Fig. 17.

A microscopic SEM image, sample 1060/450 (A) together with the distribution of: iron (A), chromium (B) and vanadium (D)
A microscopic SEM image, sample 1060/450 (A) together with the distribution of: iron (A), chromium (B) and vanadium (D)

Fig. 18.

Surface changes of steel NC11LV. Etched state, SEM – sample 1020/200
Surface changes of steel NC11LV. Etched state, SEM – sample 1020/200

Results of the measurement of the track volume in the ball-on-disc test

ParametersSample 960/450Sample 1060/450Sample 1020/200
Track volume9622503209870303397096
Max. track depth17.021.77.46

Parameters of the test samples’ heat treatment

Sample no.Austenitizing temperature [°C]Tempering temperature [°C]Tempering time [h]
960/4509604502
1060/45010604502
1020/20010202002

Chemical composition of X153CrMoV12 steel

Steel X153CrMoV12 (NC11LV) – chemical composition [%]
CSiMnPSCrMoNiAlCuVW
1.590.250.380.0120.00811.720.880.200.030.060.760.05

Results of the impact energy of samples with a V-notch

MaterialSample no.Test temperatureEnergy
°CJ
NC11LV960/450503.8
1060/450503.7
1020/200502.8
960/4502004.9
1060/4502004.6
1020/2002003.1
Hardox 60015021.6
220024.3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2023-0011 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Page range: 94 - 109
Submitted on: Apr 19, 2023
Accepted on: Jun 7, 2023
Published on: Jul 31, 2023
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
roof tiles,
tribological wear,
ball-on-disc test,
impact tests,
increase wear resistance,
microstructure
Related subjects:
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Nanomaterials,
Functional and smart materials,
Materials characterization and properties

© 2023 Marek Hawryluk, Jan Marzec, Marzena Lachowicz, Piotr Makuła, Kamila Nowak, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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