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Structure and properties of laser-cladded Inconel 625-based in situ composite coatings on S355JR substrate modified with Ti and C powders Cover

Structure and properties of laser-cladded Inconel 625-based in situ composite coatings on S355JR substrate modified with Ti and C powders

Materials Science-Poland
Volume 40 (2022): Issue 4 (December 2022)
By: ,   and    
Open Access
|Mar 2023
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Chemical compositions of S355JR substrate material and Metcoclad 625 powder

MaterialCMnSiPSCr
wt.%
S355JR0.21.50.2–0.5Max 0.04Max 0.04Max 0.3
Oerlikon Metcoclad 625–––––20.0–23.0
MaterialNiMoNbAlCuFe
wt.%
S355JRMax 0.3––Max 0.02Max 0.03Balance
Oerlikon Metcoclad 62558.0–63.08.0–10.03.0–5.0––Max 5.0
Table 2

Technical specifications of TRUMPF Trudisk 3302 laser

PropertyValue
Wavelength, μm1.3
Maximum output power, W3300
Laser beam divergence, mm/rad<8.0
Fiber core diameter, μm200
Collimator focal length, mm200
Focusing lens focal length, mm200
Beam spot diameter, μm200
Fiber length, m20
Table 3

Laser-cladding parameters

DesignationPowder mixtureLaser power, WSpeed, mm/min
P1-1P12,000240
P1-2P12,150258
P1-3P12,300276
P2-1P22,000240
P2-2P22,150258
P2-3P22,300276
P3-1Metcoclad 6252,000240
P3-2Metcoclad 6252,150258
P3-3Metcoclad 6252,300276
Fig. 1

Vickers hardness lines scheme. (A) Measurements across the multi-pass coating. (B) Measurements from the coating surface toward the substrate material

Fig. 2

Penetrant test results of laser-cladded coatings: (A) P1-1; (B) P1-2; (C) P1-3; (D) P2-1; (E) P2-2; (F) P2-3; (G) P3-1; (H) P3-2; and (I) P3-3. Note: Designations are according to Table 3

Fig. 3

Macrographs of laser-cladded coatings: (A) P1-1; (B) P1-2; (C) P1-3; (D) P2-1; (E) P2-2; (F) P2-3; (G) P3-1; (H) P3-2; and (I) P3-3. Note: Designations are according to Table 3

Table 4

The laser-cladded coating thickness, dilution, and reinforcing particles volume fraction

DesignationCoatings thickness, mmDilution, %Reinforcing particles volume fraction, vol.%
P1-11.43 ± 0.27.4 ± 0.23.0 ± 0.3
P1-21.35 ± 0.28.5 ± 0.32.6 ± 0.5
P1-31.22 ± 0.38.8 ± 0.42.7 ± 0.1
P2-11.23 ± 0.213.3 ± 0.36.4 ± 0.9
P2-21.04 ± 0.120.0 ± 0.55.5 ± 0.2
P2-30.95 ± 0.130.8 ± 0.34.5 ± 0.6
P3-11.42 ± 0.35.6 ± 0.1–
P3-21.37 ± 0.213.3 ± 0.5–
P3-31.16 ± 0.122.3 ± 0.3–

[i] Note: Designations are according to Table 3

Table 5

The average EDS chemical composition of laser-cladded coatings

DesignationNiCrMoNbFeTi
wt.%
P1-156.5 ± 1.818.7 ± 0.410.7 ± 0.74.9 ± 0.66.9 ± 1.72.4 ± 0.1
P1-255.4 ± 2.718.3 ± 0.710.3 ± 1.04.3 ± 0.88.9 ± 3.52.8 ± 0.2
P1-354.4 ± 1.218.0 ± 0.411.0 ± 0.34.7 ± 0.59.1 ± 1.32.8 ± 0.1
P2-148.6 ± 2.515.6 ± 0.610.2 ± 1.15.0 ± 0.816.3 ± 5.14.1 ± 0.3
P2-243.2 ± 5.114.5 ± 1.99.1 ± 1.04.3 ± 0.624.8 ± 8.44.0 ± 0.5
P2-333.3 ± 2.311.2 ± 0.67.8 ± 0.44.0 ± 0.540.1 ± 2.73.3 ± 0.3
P3-160.2 ± 1.619.5 ± 0.810.5 ± 0.84.0 ± 1.55.7 ± 0.5–
P3-254.0 ± 1.117.7 ± 0.39.0 ± 0.54.3 ± 0.315.0 ± 2.1–
P3-346.1 ± 1.115.3 ± 0.57.5 ± 0.43.8 ± 0.527.2 ± 2.0–

[i] EDS, energy dispersive spectrometer.

[ii] Note: Designations are according to Table 3

Fig. 4

SEM microstructure of the representative metallic Inconel 625 laser-cladded coating, magnification. (A) Lower magnification. (B) Higher magnification. SEM, scanning electron microscopes

Fig. 5

SEM microstructure of the laser-cladded in situ composite coatings, magnification 5000×. (A) P1-1; (B) P1-2; (C) P1-3; (D) P2-1; (E) P2-2; and (F) P2-3. Note: Designations are according to Table 3. SEM, scanning electron microscopes

Fig. 6

SEM microstructure of the representative laser-cladded in situ composite coating, magnification. (A) Lower magnification. (B) Higher magnification. SEM, scanning electron microscopes

Fig. 7

XRD patterns of (A) representative in situ composite coating and (B) metallic Inconel 625 coating. XRD, X-ray diffraction

Fig. 8

EDS maps of in situ formed primary reinforcing particles. EDS, energy dispersive spectrometer

Fig. 9

EDS maps of in situ formed eutectic reinforcing particles. EDS, energy dispersive spectrometer

Fig. 10

Hardness results of laser-cladded coatings with standard deviation. (A) Average hardness. (B) Hardness distribution across the multi-pass coatings according to Figure 1A. (C) Hardness distribution from the surface to substrate material according to Figure 1B. Note: Designations are according to Table 3

Fig. 11

Influence of reinforcing particles volume fraction on the average hardness of laser-cladded composite coatings

Fig. 12

Influence of reinforcing particles volume fraction on the erosion values of laser-cladded coatings

Fig. 13

Influence of average hardness on the erosion values of laser-cladded coatings

Table 6

Average results of erosion rates and erosion values of laser-cladded coatings

DesignationErosion rate, mg/minErosion value, mm3/g
30°90°30°90°
P1-10.21 ± 0.050.17 ± 0.020.0126 ± 0.00320.0104 ± 0.0012
P1-20.22 ± 0.040.19 ± 0.020.0132 ± 0.00240.0112 ± 0.0013
P1-30.21 ± 0.040.18 ± 0.020.0124 ± 0.00210.0106 ± 0.0009
P2-10.17 ± 0.030.13 ± 0.040.0102 ± 0.00180.0079 ± 0.0022
P2-20.17 ± 0.030.14 ± 0.010.0103 ± 0.00180.0087 ± 0.0007
P2-30.18 ± 0.040.15 ± 0.030.0107 ± 0.00210.0091 ± 0.0016
P3-10.24 ± 0.040.19 ± 0.040.0142 ± 0.00210.0111 ± 0.0022
P3-20.25 ± 0.030.21 ± 0.030.0146 ± 0.00150.0103 ± 0.0015
P3-30.23 ± 0.030.23 ±0.020.0138 ± 0.00180.0117 ± 0.0012

[i] Note: Designations are according to Table 3

Fig. 14

SEM micrographs of the craters of the representative metallic Inconel 625 coating after solid particle erosion tests. Impingement angles (A) 30° and (B) 90°. SEM, scanning electron microscopes

Fig. 15

SEM micrographs of the craters of the representative composite coating after solid particle erosion tests. Impingement angles (A) 30° and (B) 90°. SEM, scanning electron microscopes

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/msp-2022-0039 | Journal eISSN: 2083-134X (formerly 2083-124X) | Journal ISSN: 2083-1331
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Language: English
Page range: 14 - 27
Submitted on: Dec 20, 2022
Accepted on: Jan 8, 2023
Published on: Mar 7, 2023
Published by: Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Inconel 625,
composite coating,
erosive wear,
microstructure,
hardness
Related subjects:
Materials sciences,
Materials sciences, other,
Nanomaterials,
Functional and smart materials,
Materials characterization and properties

© 2023 Tomasz Poloczek, Aleksandra Lont, Jacek Górka, published by Wroclaw University of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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