Wartanian glacial sediments: insights into deglaciation of Polish Lowlands and Highlands border for geotourism

Wartanian glacial sediments: insights into deglaciation of Polish Lowlands and Highlands border for geotourism

Miscellanea Geographica

Volume 28 (2024): Issue 2 (April 2024)

By:

Maria Górska-Zabielska

and Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska

Open Access

|Apr 2024

Figures & Tables

Location of study sites within the transition zone between the Polish Uplands and the European Plain in the central part of Poland. A: The sites belonging to the marginal zone of the Wartanian stadial of the Odranian glaciation (MIS6a). B: 1 – area above 200 m a.s.l.; 2 – lobes of the Wartanian ice sheet acc. to Turkowska (2006), changed; 3 – direction of the ice movement (acc. to Wachecka-Kotkowska 2015b); 4 – rivers; 5 – study area with investigated sitesSource: own elaboration

Figure 2.

$Schematic profile of the lithology in five outcrops with sedimentary structures according to own elaboration (LWK) based on Wachecka-Kotkowska (2015a) and marked sampling sites for analysis of erratic gravels and erratic boulders. 1 – massive diamicton; stratified diamicton (Dm); 2 – matrix supported and clast poor (Ds); 3 – horizontally laminated fines (Fh); 4 – wavy laminated sand with fines (SFw); 5 – wavy laminated sand (Sw); 6 – ribbon cross-laminated sand (Sr); 7 – horizontally stratified sand/laminated fines (Sh/SFh); 8 – horizontally stratified sand (Sh); 9 – massive sand (Sm); 10 – sand low-angle (<15°) cross-stratification (Sl); 11 – planar cross-stratified gravelly sand/gravelly sand (Sp/SGp); 12 – trough cross-stratified sand (St); 13 – horizontally stratified sandy gravel (SGh); 14 – massive gravelly sand (GSm); 15 – massive sandy gravel (SGm); 16 – normal/inverted sequence fractional grain size; 17 – continuous deformations of various types; 18 – local erosion surface; 19 – regional erosion surface; 20 – rhythmite$

Schematic profile of the lithology in five outcrops with sedimentary structures according to own elaboration (LWK) based on Wachecka-Kotkowska (2015a) and marked sampling sites for analysis of erratic gravels and erratic boulders. 1 – massive diamicton; stratified diamicton (Dm); 2 – matrix supported and clast poor (Ds); 3 – horizontally laminated fines (Fh); 4 – wavy laminated sand with fines (SFw); 5 – wavy laminated sand (Sw); 6 – ribbon cross-laminated sand (Sr); 7 – horizontally stratified sand/laminated fines (Sh/SFh); 8 – horizontally stratified sand (Sh); 9 – massive sand (Sm); 10 – sand low-angle (<15°) cross-stratification (Sl); 11 – planar cross-stratified gravelly sand/gravelly sand (Sp/SGp); 12 – trough cross-stratified sand (St); 13 – horizontally stratified sandy gravel (SGh); 14 – massive gravelly sand (GSm); 15 – massive sandy gravel (SGm); 16 – normal/inverted sequence fractional grain size; 17 – continuous deformations of various types; 18 – local erosion surface; 19 – regional erosion surface; 20 – rhythmite

Parent locations of seven indicator erratic boulders presented in this paper, against other primary Scandinavian feeding areas. The relevant numbers are listed in Table 2Source: drawn by Małgorzata Gościńska-Kolanko

Masłowice, well-reworked rapakivi Åland granite; erratic boulder 1 in Table 2.Source: photograph by Maria Górska-Zabielska

Masłowice, close-up of the rapakivi structure in Åland graniteSource: photograph by Maria Górska-Zabielska

Ochotnik, close-up of the Småland granite.Source: photograph by Maria Górska-Zabielska

Ochotnik, Småland granite with well-rounded edges, glacial polish in places, corrosion microrelief; erratic boulder 2 in Table 2.Source: photograph by Maria Górska-Zabielska

Ochotnik, granite-gneiss is a ventifact with a clearly visible corroded facete on the upper surface of the rock; erratic boulder 3 in Table 2.Source: photograph by Maria Górska-Zabielska

Example of the same Åland granite with surfaces representing different states of preservation: A – fresh surface, B – eolised surface; the scale is the same for both figures.Source: photographs by Maria Górska-Zabielska

Model of transgression of the Wartanian ice sheet in Central Poland and stagnation on the northern slopes of the highlandsSource: own elaboration

The main characteristics of the erratic boulders, found in the study sites and their immediate vicinity

No.	Length [m]	Width [m]	Height [m]	Circuit [m]	Volume [m³]^*	Weight [t]^*	Petrographic type and kind of erratic; Fig. no.	Specific morphological characteristics; other information
1	1.65	1.0	0.8	4.6	0.69	1.90	Åland rapakivi; Figs. 5–6	near Masłowice
2	1.7	1.05	0.9	4.75	0.84	2.31	Småland granite; Figs. 7–8	glacial polish, spur outline, corrasive microrelief, eolian cut, Ochotnik
3	1.3	1.1	0.5	4.1	0.37	1.03	granite-gneiss; Fig. 9	Ochotnik – Kalinki
4	1.35	1.2	1.1	3.75	0.93	2.56	red granite with pegmatite vein	Kraszewice (4 km to the S of Masłowice), a boulder cracked on the surface of the vein, weathered
5	0.95	0.75	0.48	3.2	0.18	0.49	granite	Wierzchlas (14 km to the E of Masłowice)
6	1.4	1.1	0.75	4.05	0.60	1.66	fine crystalline granite
7	1.4	1.4	0.4	4.5	0.41	1.13	fine crystalline granite with pegmatite vein
8	1.35	0.95	0.75	4.2	0.50	1.38	Småland granite, gneissed
9	1.15	1.1	0.75	3.75	0.50	1.36	Åland rapakivi	mossy, covered with lichen, Wierzchlas (location as above)
10	1.7	0.75	0.7	4.05	0.47	1.28	granite with pegmatite veins	Sokola Góra (8 km to the SSE of Masłowice)
11	1.2	0.85	0.55	3.4	0.29	0.81	Åland granite with pegmatite vein	the only boulder in situ! measurements of the part of the boulder above the ground, Sokola Góra (location as above)
12	1.4	1.3	0.7	4.75	0.67	1.83	fine crystalline granite, Åland rapakivi	corrasive microrelief, Sokola Góra (location as above)
13	1.38	0.95	0.55	3.75	0.38	1.04	red coarse crystalline granite with pegmatite vein	corrasive microrelief, Sokola Góra (location as above)
14	1.85	1.6	0.55	5.3	0.85	2.34	coarse crystalline Åland quartz granite	corrasive microrelief, glacial polish, Pratkowice (8 km to the SSE of Masłowice)

Percentage of petrographic types of 4–10 mm gravel in the study area

	Rzejowice	Ochotnik 1	Ochotnik 2	Masłowice	Miejskie Pola 1	Miejskie Pola 2	Stobiecko Szlacheckie 1	Stobiecko Szlacheckie 2	Stobiecko Szlacheckie 3
	Outwash plain	Till plateau		Morainic hill	Kame		Terminoglacial fan, sedimentological edge of ice-sheet
	%
Kr	57.4	37.2	37.5	89.3	38.6	34.8	86.0	36.9	33.2
Wp1	0.0	51.4	54.7	0.0	49.7	51.4	0.0	52.5	58.5
Wp2	0.0	0.3	0.9	0.0	0.4	0.6	0.0	2.7	1.2
Wk	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dp	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pp	25.9	5.1	6.0	8.2	8.9	11.9	12.9	4.8	5.0
Łp	0.0	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krz	3.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
L	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qp	12.0	1.1	0.9	2.5	2.1	0.9	1.1	2.9	1.7
Qml	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.4
in.	0.4	4.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0034 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046

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Language: English

Page range: 87 - 99

Submitted on: Dec 18, 2023

Accepted on: Apr 30, 2024

Published on: Apr 30, 2024

Published by: Sciendo

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Publication frequency: 4 times per year

Keywords:

Glacial sediments,

marginal zone,

deglaciation,

geoecosystem services,

geotourism,

sustainable development,

MIS6a,

Related subjects:

© 2024 Maria Górska-Zabielska, Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Previous article Volume 28 (2024): Issue 2 (April 2024)

Wartanian glacial sediments: insights into deglaciation of Polish Lowlands and Highlands border for geotourism

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

Figure 6.

Figure 7.

Fig. 8.

Figure 9.

Figure 10.

The main characteristics of the erratic boulders, found in the study sites and their immediate vicinity

Percentage of petrographic types of 4–10 mm gravel in the study area

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