Changes in biothermal conditions in the Sudetes Mountains and their foreland in relation to the circulation conditions

Meteorological stations in the Sudetes Mountain and their foreland; mean annual values of air temperature (T), relative humidity (U), wind speed (v) and cloudiness (N) for 12.00 UTC

Station	Abbr.	Altitude [m asl]	Location	T [°C]	U [%]	v [m/s]	N [%]
Wroclaw	WR	120	Lowlands (river valley)	13.0	63	4.1	71
Legnica	LE	122	Lowlands (flatland)	12.9	64	4.5	74
Jelenia Góra	JG	342	Lower mtn. zone (basin)	11.8	64	3.3	75
Kłodzko	KL	356	Lower mtn. zone (basin)	11.3	68	3.8	72
Liberec	LI	398	Lower mtn. zone (basin)	11.2	67	3.9	71
Desna-Souš	D-S	772	Middle mtn. zone (convex form)	8.7	72	3.2	70
Pec pod Sněžkou	PE	819	Middle mtn. zone (slope)	8.6	69	3.1	71
Śnieżka	SN	1603	Summits (convex form)	2.1	86	10.9	79

[i] Source: own elaboration

Table 2.

Thermal stress categories according to UTCI (Błażejczyk et al. 2013)

Stress category	Abbreviation	UTCI [°C]
Extreme heat stress	4	above 46
Very strong heat stress	3	38 to 46
Strong heat stress	2	32 to 38
Moderate heat stress	1	26 to 32
No thermal stress	0	9 to 26
Slight cold stress	−1	0 to 9
Moderate cold stress	−2	−13 to 0
Strong cold stress	−3	−27 to −13
Very strong cold stress	−4	−40 to −27
Extreme cold stress	−5	below −40

[i] Source: own elaboration

Table 3.

Mean annual values of UTCI and the frequency of thermal stress categories [%] in 1991–2020

Station	UTCI [°C]	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3	4
WR	8.0	.	0.2	7.0	24.6	19.2	38.1	8.1	2.5	0.3	.
LE	6.9	.	0.4	9.3	24.0	19.4	37.7	6.9	2.1	0.2	.
JG	8.1	.	0.1	5.9	22.3	22.5	41.3	6.3	1.6	0.0	.
KL	7.1	0.0	0.6	8.6	23.8	19.0	38.9	7.4	1.6	0.0	.
LI	6.7	.	0.6	9.5	24.7	18.8	37.0	7.5	1.8	0.1	.
D-S	6.4	0.1	1.3	7.4	24.6	21.3	38.4	6.3	0.7	.	.
PE	6.0	0.0	0.4	6.3	26.5	22.9	40.1	3.6	0.2	.	.
SN	−19.3	22.1	16.7	19.2	18.9	12.3	10.7	0.0	.	.	.

[i] Source: own elaboration

Table 4.

Mean values of UTCI [°C] under selected circulation conditions in 1991–2020

Station	a	c	o	N types (N, NE, NW)	S types (S, SE, SW)	W types (W, NW, SW)	E types (E, NE, SE)	O types
WR	10.2	5.3	8.0	5.9	9.4	8.0	8.2	9.6
LE	9.6	3.7	6.8	4.1	8.9	6.8	7.2	8.8
JG	10.9	4.6	7.8	5.2	10.0	7.8	8.0	10.3
KL	9.9	3.9	6.7	6.0	7.3	6.4	7.7	9.3
LI	9.8	3.2	6.1	5.0	7.0	6.0	7.8	8.7
D-S	9.3	3.1	5.8	3.5	8.0	6.5	6.1	8.8
PE	8.7	3.0	5.3	4.5	6.9	5.4	6.4	7.7
SN	−13.6	−26.0	−20.0	−24.3	−16.7	−21.1	−17.9	−14.6

[i] Source: own elaboration

Frequency of the thermal stress classes according to UTCI under various circulation conditions in 1991–2020
Source: own elaboration

Table 5.

Changes in UTCI [°C/decade] and the frequency of thermal stress categories [days/decade] in 1991–2020 under anticyclonic (a), cyclonic (c) and transitional (o) circulation; statistically significant trends marked in bold red (positive) or blue (negative)

a	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	1.08	-	−0.46	−2.40	−3.96	−0.31	3.17	−1.04	−0.04	0.15
	LE	1.26	-	−0.31	−4.05	−3.25	0.45	2.94	−0.79	0.11	−0.01
	JG	0.24	-	−0.11	−1.14	−0.66	−2.38	1.54	−1.45	−0.70	-
	KL	0.08	-	−0.06	−0.64	−1.84	−2.03	2.92	−2.96	−0.32	-
	LI	1.32	-	−0.24	−3.93	−3.61	−0.13	4.49	−1.85	0.44	-
	D-S	1.33	-	−1.10	−2.56	−1.29	−1.92	0.91	0.75	0.53	-
	PE	0.37	-	−0.30	−0.74	−1.17	−2.01	−0.59	0.08	−0.17	-
	SN	1.56	−6.07	−0.76	−0.17	1.48	1.74	−1.02	-	-	-
c	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.68	-	-	−1.05	0.02	−0.94	0.31	1.38	0.71	-
	LE	1.07	-	−0.37	−1.25	−0.45	−0.33	0.72	1.69	0.51	-
	JG	−0.09	-	−0.04	0.02	1.54	−1.16	−0.74	0.77	−0.05	-
	KL	−0.49	-	0.25	0.69	0.45	0.47	−2.25	0.70	−0.02	-
	LI	1.02	-	−0.51	−1.55	0.50	−1.09	1.42	1.66	−0.09	-
	D-S	1.26	-	−1.20	−2.25	2.30	−1.38	1.90	0.96	-	-
	PE	0.12	-	0.01	−1.13	1.99	−0.89	−0.10	0.51	-	-
	SN	1.62	−3.89	0.52	0.13	1.59	1.08	0.98	-	-	-
o	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.77	-	-	−0.76	0.71	−0.41	2.78	1.13	1.04	-
	LE	1.00	-	-	−0.92	−0.16	1.61	2.07	1.42	0.70	-
	JG	0.22	-	-	−0.08	1.32	1.36	1.00	0.82	0.10	-
	KL	−0.14	-	0.20	−0.39	2.18	0.75	1.76	0.06	−0.02	-
	LI	1.17	-	−0.09	−1.90	1.45	0.18	2.76	1.82	0.40	-
	D-S	1.17	-	−1.07	−0.69	2.20	−0.41	3.35	1.14	0.12	-
	PE	0.41	-	−0.34	−0.46	2.15	−0.16	2.82	0.64	-	-
	SN	1.70	−2.29	0.93	0.92	2.45	0.90	1.59	-	-	-

[i] Source: own elaboration

Table 6.

Changes in UTCI [°C/decade] and frequency of thermal stress categories [days/decade] in 1991–2020 for various circulation sectors; statistically significant trends marked in bold red (positive) or blue (negative)

N types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	1.34	-	-	−3.14	−1.63	−1.28	3.68	0.49	0.25	-
	LE	1.46	-	−0.33	−4.26	0.13	−0.99	3.60	0.22	0.16	-
	JG	0.46	-	−0.08	−1.48	−0.03	−0.88	1.37	−0.20	−0.23	-
	KL	0.20	-	−0.10	−0.41	−0.95	0.44	0.59	−1.02	−0.08	-
	LI	1.70	-	−0.60	−4.43	−0.97	0.17	4.62	−0.11	−0.17	-
	D-S	1.86	-	−2.45	−2.81	0.22	−0.18	3.54	0.47	-	-
	PE	0.67	-	−0.32	−1.70	−0.81	−0.66	1.98	0.14	-	-
	SN	1.82	−5.17	−0.84	1.14	1.63	2.50	−0.70	-	-	-
S types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.28	-	−0.19	−0.15	0.29	−0.31	−1.08	1.15	1.02	−0.26
	LE	0.66	-	−0.26	−0.71	−1.67	2.14	−1.30	1.54	1.03	−0.28
	JG	−0.33	-	−0.13	0.02	2.58	−0.36	−1.86	0.18	0.14	-
	KL	−0.61	-	0.29	0.19	1.52	0.48	−1.89	−0.23	0.06	-
	LI	0.53	-	−0.09	−1.28	0.34	−0.19	−0.17	1.45	0.43	-
	D-S	0.59	-	−0.19	−1.80	3.07	−2.07	−0.73	1.77	0.47	-
	PE	−0.22	-	−0.11	−0.31	4.78	−3.30	−0.99	0.36	0.03	-
	SN	1.19	−3.22	1.19	−0.82	1.53	0.21	1.60	-	-	-
W types types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.70	-	-	−1.07	−1.58	−0.36	2.23	1.20	−0.02	−0.04
	LE	1.08	-	−0.19	−2.68	−1.56	1.07	3.12	0.65	0.03	-
	JG	0.08	-	−0.06	−0.35	1.10	−0.57	0.88	−0.03	−0.65	-
	KL	−0.30	-	0.16	−0.63	1.36	0.23	0.89	−0.98	−0.68	-
	LI	1.01	-	−0.33	−3.14	0.03	0.08	3.49	0.65	−0.43	-
	D-S	1.21	-	−1.06	−3.03	1.95	−1.83	3.97	0.33	0.05	-
	PE	0.16	-	−0.11	−1.49	1.37	0.11	0.70	−0.12	-	-
	SN	1.83	−6.12	1.03	0.16	2.91	2.28	0.18	-	-	-
E types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.53	-	−0.25	−0.92	−0.37	−1.00	2.49	−0.86	1.04	-
	LE	0.74	-	−0.40	−1.42	−0.52	0.32	1.38	0.17	0.60	-
	JG	−0.36	-	−0.05	0.26	0.55	−0.34	0.43	−0.89	0.18	-
	KL	−0.60	-	0.04	0.11	0.60	−0.01	0.20	−1.15	0.23	-
	LI	0.73	-	−0.26	−1.57	−0.57	−0.34	2.46	−0.38	0.85	-
	D-S	0.98	-	−1.45	−0.81	1.46	−0.99	0.53	1.31	0.27	-
	PE	−0.06	-	−0.41	0.08	1.46	−1.68	0.34	0.46	-	-
	SN	1.12	−3.33	−0.06	1.89	1.37	−0.06	0.26	-	-	-
O types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	1.44	-	-	−0.63	−0.12	0.29	1.25	0.24	0.06	-
	LE	1.53	-	-	−0.46	−0.24	0.40	0.91	0.61	0.03	-
	JG	0.55	-	-	−0.01	0.67	−0.98	0.85	0.75	−0.17	-
	KL	0.36	-	-	−0.01	0.32	−1.08	2.23	−0.35	0.05	-
	LI	1.67	-	-	−0.49	−0.26	−0.05	1.33	0.50	0.27	-
	D-S	1.42	-	-	−0.51	0.32	−0.05	0.80	0.56	0.29	-
	PE	0.69	-	-	−0.40	0.23	0.27	0.72	0.47	-	-
	SN	1.21	−0.08	−0.36	−0.08	0.88	0.36	0.47	-	-	-

[i] Source: own elaboration

References

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0027 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046 (formerly 2084-6118)

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Language: English

Page range: 29 - 38

Submitted on: Nov 14, 2023

Accepted on: Jan 26, 2024

Published on: Jan 31, 2024

Published by: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

Bioclimate,

UTCI,

climate change,

atmospheric circulation,

Sudetes Mountains

Related subjects:

Geosciences,

Geosciences, other

© 2024 Bartłomiej Miszuk, Agnieszka Furdak, published by Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Volume 28 (2024): Issue 1 (January 2024)

Changes in biothermal conditions in the Sudetes Mountains and their foreland in relation to the circulation conditions

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Table 1.

Table 2.

Table 3.

Table 4.

Figure 2.

Table 5.

Table 6.

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