Changes in biothermal conditions in the Sudetes Mountains and their foreland in relation to the circulation conditions

Bartłomiej Miszuk; Agnieszka Furdak

doi:10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0027

Figures & Tables

Meteorological stations in the Sudetes Mountains and their forelandSource: own elaboration

Frequency of the thermal stress classes according to UTCI under various circulation conditions in 1991–2020Source: own elaboration

Mean annual values of UTCI and the frequency of thermal stress categories [%] in 1991–2020

Station	UTCI [°C]	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3	4
WR	8.0	.	0.2	7.0	24.6	19.2	38.1	8.1	2.5	0.3	.
LE	6.9	.	0.4	9.3	24.0	19.4	37.7	6.9	2.1	0.2	.
JG	8.1	.	0.1	5.9	22.3	22.5	41.3	6.3	1.6	0.0	.
KL	7.1	0.0	0.6	8.6	23.8	19.0	38.9	7.4	1.6	0.0	.
LI	6.7	.	0.6	9.5	24.7	18.8	37.0	7.5	1.8	0.1	.
D-S	6.4	0.1	1.3	7.4	24.6	21.3	38.4	6.3	0.7	.	.
PE	6.0	0.0	0.4	6.3	26.5	22.9	40.1	3.6	0.2	.	.
SN	−19.3	22.1	16.7	19.2	18.9	12.3	10.7	0.0	.	.	.

Mean values of UTCI [°C] under selected circulation conditions in 1991–2020

Station	a	c	o	N types (N, NE, NW)	S types (S, SE, SW)	W types (W, NW, SW)	E types (E, NE, SE)	O types
WR	10.2	5.3	8.0	5.9	9.4	8.0	8.2	9.6
LE	9.6	3.7	6.8	4.1	8.9	6.8	7.2	8.8
JG	10.9	4.6	7.8	5.2	10.0	7.8	8.0	10.3
KL	9.9	3.9	6.7	6.0	7.3	6.4	7.7	9.3
LI	9.8	3.2	6.1	5.0	7.0	6.0	7.8	8.7
D-S	9.3	3.1	5.8	3.5	8.0	6.5	6.1	8.8
PE	8.7	3.0	5.3	4.5	6.9	5.4	6.4	7.7
SN	−13.6	−26.0	−20.0	−24.3	−16.7	−21.1	−17.9	−14.6

Changes in UTCI [°C/decade] and the frequency of thermal stress categories [days/decade] in 1991–2020 under anticyclonic (a), cyclonic (c) and transitional (o) circulation; statistically significant trends marked in bold red (positive) or blue (negative)

a	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	1.08	-	−0.46	−2.40	−3.96	−0.31	3.17	−1.04	−0.04	0.15
	LE	1.26	-	−0.31	−4.05	−3.25	0.45	2.94	−0.79	0.11	−0.01
	JG	0.24	-	−0.11	−1.14	−0.66	−2.38	1.54	−1.45	−0.70	-
	KL	0.08	-	−0.06	−0.64	−1.84	−2.03	2.92	−2.96	−0.32	-
	LI	1.32	-	−0.24	−3.93	−3.61	−0.13	4.49	−1.85	0.44	-
	D-S	1.33	-	−1.10	−2.56	−1.29	−1.92	0.91	0.75	0.53	-
	PE	0.37	-	−0.30	−0.74	−1.17	−2.01	−0.59	0.08	−0.17	-
	SN	1.56	−6.07	−0.76	−0.17	1.48	1.74	−1.02	-	-	-
c	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.68	-	-	−1.05	0.02	−0.94	0.31	1.38	0.71	-
	LE	1.07	-	−0.37	−1.25	−0.45	−0.33	0.72	1.69	0.51	-
	JG	−0.09	-	−0.04	0.02	1.54	−1.16	−0.74	0.77	−0.05	-
	KL	−0.49	-	0.25	0.69	0.45	0.47	−2.25	0.70	−0.02	-
	LI	1.02	-	−0.51	−1.55	0.50	−1.09	1.42	1.66	−0.09	-
	D-S	1.26	-	−1.20	−2.25	2.30	−1.38	1.90	0.96	-	-
	PE	0.12	-	0.01	−1.13	1.99	−0.89	−0.10	0.51	-	-
	SN	1.62	−3.89	0.52	0.13	1.59	1.08	0.98	-	-	-
o	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.77	-	-	−0.76	0.71	−0.41	2.78	1.13	1.04	-
	LE	1.00	-	-	−0.92	−0.16	1.61	2.07	1.42	0.70	-
	JG	0.22	-	-	−0.08	1.32	1.36	1.00	0.82	0.10	-
	KL	−0.14	-	0.20	−0.39	2.18	0.75	1.76	0.06	−0.02	-
	LI	1.17	-	−0.09	−1.90	1.45	0.18	2.76	1.82	0.40	-
	D-S	1.17	-	−1.07	−0.69	2.20	−0.41	3.35	1.14	0.12	-
	PE	0.41	-	−0.34	−0.46	2.15	−0.16	2.82	0.64	-	-
	SN	1.70	−2.29	0.93	0.92	2.45	0.90	1.59	-	-	-

Changes in UTCI [°C/decade] and frequency of thermal stress categories [days/decade] in 1991–2020 for various circulation sectors; statistically significant trends marked in bold red (positive) or blue (negative)

N types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	1.34	-	-	−3.14	−1.63	−1.28	3.68	0.49	0.25	-
	LE	1.46	-	−0.33	−4.26	0.13	−0.99	3.60	0.22	0.16	-
	JG	0.46	-	−0.08	−1.48	−0.03	−0.88	1.37	−0.20	−0.23	-
	KL	0.20	-	−0.10	−0.41	−0.95	0.44	0.59	−1.02	−0.08	-
	LI	1.70	-	−0.60	−4.43	−0.97	0.17	4.62	−0.11	−0.17	-
	D-S	1.86	-	−2.45	−2.81	0.22	−0.18	3.54	0.47	-	-
	PE	0.67	-	−0.32	−1.70	−0.81	−0.66	1.98	0.14	-	-
	SN	1.82	−5.17	−0.84	1.14	1.63	2.50	−0.70	-	-	-
S types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.28	-	−0.19	−0.15	0.29	−0.31	−1.08	1.15	1.02	−0.26
	LE	0.66	-	−0.26	−0.71	−1.67	2.14	−1.30	1.54	1.03	−0.28
	JG	−0.33	-	−0.13	0.02	2.58	−0.36	−1.86	0.18	0.14	-
	KL	−0.61	-	0.29	0.19	1.52	0.48	−1.89	−0.23	0.06	-
	LI	0.53	-	−0.09	−1.28	0.34	−0.19	−0.17	1.45	0.43	-
	D-S	0.59	-	−0.19	−1.80	3.07	−2.07	−0.73	1.77	0.47	-
	PE	−0.22	-	−0.11	−0.31	4.78	−3.30	−0.99	0.36	0.03	-
	SN	1.19	−3.22	1.19	−0.82	1.53	0.21	1.60	-	-	-
W types types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.70	-	-	−1.07	−1.58	−0.36	2.23	1.20	−0.02	−0.04
	LE	1.08	-	−0.19	−2.68	−1.56	1.07	3.12	0.65	0.03	-
	JG	0.08	-	−0.06	−0.35	1.10	−0.57	0.88	−0.03	−0.65	-
	KL	−0.30	-	0.16	−0.63	1.36	0.23	0.89	−0.98	−0.68	-
	LI	1.01	-	−0.33	−3.14	0.03	0.08	3.49	0.65	−0.43	-
	D-S	1.21	-	−1.06	−3.03	1.95	−1.83	3.97	0.33	0.05	-
	PE	0.16	-	−0.11	−1.49	1.37	0.11	0.70	−0.12	-	-
	SN	1.83	−6.12	1.03	0.16	2.91	2.28	0.18	-	-	-
E types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	0.53	-	−0.25	−0.92	−0.37	−1.00	2.49	−0.86	1.04	-
	LE	0.74	-	−0.40	−1.42	−0.52	0.32	1.38	0.17	0.60	-
	JG	−0.36	-	−0.05	0.26	0.55	−0.34	0.43	−0.89	0.18	-
	KL	−0.60	-	0.04	0.11	0.60	−0.01	0.20	−1.15	0.23	-
	LI	0.73	-	−0.26	−1.57	−0.57	−0.34	2.46	−0.38	0.85	-
	D-S	0.98	-	−1.45	−0.81	1.46	−0.99	0.53	1.31	0.27	-
	PE	−0.06	-	−0.41	0.08	1.46	−1.68	0.34	0.46	-	-
	SN	1.12	−3.33	−0.06	1.89	1.37	−0.06	0.26	-	-	-
O types	Station	UTCI	−5	−4	−3	−2	−1	0	1	2	3
	WR	1.44	-	-	−0.63	−0.12	0.29	1.25	0.24	0.06	-
	LE	1.53	-	-	−0.46	−0.24	0.40	0.91	0.61	0.03	-
	JG	0.55	-	-	−0.01	0.67	−0.98	0.85	0.75	−0.17	-
	KL	0.36	-	-	−0.01	0.32	−1.08	2.23	−0.35	0.05	-
	LI	1.67	-	-	−0.49	−0.26	−0.05	1.33	0.50	0.27	-
	D-S	1.42	-	-	−0.51	0.32	−0.05	0.80	0.56	0.29	-
	PE	0.69	-	-	−0.40	0.23	0.27	0.72	0.47	-	-
	SN	1.21	−0.08	−0.36	−0.08	0.88	0.36	0.47	-	-	-

Thermal stress categories according to UTCI (Błażejczyk et al_ 2013)

Stress category	Abbreviation	UTCI [°C]
Extreme heat stress	4	above 46
Very strong heat stress	3	38 to 46
Strong heat stress	2	32 to 38
Moderate heat stress	1	26 to 32
No thermal stress	0	9 to 26
Slight cold stress	−1	0 to 9
Moderate cold stress	−2	−13 to 0
Strong cold stress	−3	−27 to −13
Very strong cold stress	−4	−40 to −27
Extreme cold stress	−5	below −40

Meteorological stations in the Sudetes Mountain and their foreland; mean annual values of air temperature (T), relative humidity (U), wind speed (v) and cloudiness (N) for 12_00 UTC

Station	Abbr.	Altitude [m asl]	Location	T [°C]	U [%]	v [m/s]	N [%]
Wroclaw	WR	120	Lowlands (river valley)	13.0	63	4.1	71
Legnica	LE	122	Lowlands (flatland)	12.9	64	4.5	74
Jelenia Góra	JG	342	Lower mtn. zone (basin)	11.8	64	3.3	75
Kłodzko	KL	356	Lower mtn. zone (basin)	11.3	68	3.8	72
Liberec	LI	398	Lower mtn. zone (basin)	11.2	67	3.9	71
Desna-Souš	D-S	772	Middle mtn. zone (convex form)	8.7	72	3.2	70
Pec pod Sněžkou	PE	819	Middle mtn. zone (slope)	8.6	69	3.1	71
Śnieżka	SN	1603	Summits (convex form)	2.1	86	10.9	79

Changes in biothermal conditions in the Sudetes Mountains and their foreland in relation to the circulation conditions

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

Mean annual values of UTCI and the frequency of thermal stress categories [%] in 1991–2020

Mean values of UTCI [°C] under selected circulation conditions in 1991–2020

Changes in UTCI [°C/decade] and the frequency of thermal stress categories [days/decade] in 1991–2020 under anticyclonic (a), cyclonic (c) and transitional (o) circulation; statistically significant trends marked in bold red (positive) or blue (negative)

Changes in UTCI [°C/decade] and frequency of thermal stress categories [days/decade] in 1991–2020 for various circulation sectors; statistically significant trends marked in bold red (positive) or blue (negative)

Thermal stress categories according to UTCI (Błażejczyk et al_ 2013)

Meteorological stations in the Sudetes Mountain and their foreland; mean annual values of air temperature (T), relative humidity (U), wind speed (v) and cloudiness (N) for 12_00 UTC

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