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Holocene impact craters on Earth Cover
By: Anna Losiak  
Open Access
|Oct 2023

Figures & Tables

Figure 1.

Distribution of ~200 impact craters on Earth. Black circles indicate the location of Holocene structures: black circles with a small white circle inside show the location of craters whose formation was witnessed (Carancas and Sikhote Alin). Black circles with a white rectangle inside show the location of craters where shock metamorphic features were found (Kamil and Wabar). Fully black circles show the location of structures whose impact origin was confirmed solely by an association with meteorites. Black circles with a gray circle inside show the location of probable, but not confirmed, impact craters – ones that are not associated with known meteorites (Ilumetsa and Sobolev). The location of all other impact craters is shown using white circles Source: own study based on Schmieder & Kring 2020, and articles listed in Table 1.
Distribution of ~200 impact craters on Earth. Black circles indicate the location of Holocene structures: black circles with a small white circle inside show the location of craters whose formation was witnessed (Carancas and Sikhote Alin). Black circles with a white rectangle inside show the location of craters where shock metamorphic features were found (Kamil and Wabar). Fully black circles show the location of structures whose impact origin was confirmed solely by an association with meteorites. Black circles with a gray circle inside show the location of probable, but not confirmed, impact craters – ones that are not associated with known meteorites (Ilumetsa and Sobolev). The location of all other impact craters is shown using white circles Source: own study based on Schmieder & Kring 2020, and articles listed in Table 1.

Figure 2.

Kaali crater strewn field
Source: own work based on LIDAR data from the Estonian Land Board 2023
Kaali crater strewn field Source: own work based on LIDAR data from the Estonian Land Board 2023

A list of Holocene impact craters sorted by the diameter of the largest structure_ The list does not include features: (1) older than 10 ka (e_g_, Douglas: Kenkmann et al_ 2018); (2) terminal pits (e_g_, Sterlitamak: Petaev 1992); (3) not confirmed yet by commonly accepted recognition criteria, described by French & Koeberl (2010)_ The list includes two structures (Ilumetsa and Sobolev) that are not associated with any identified meteorite fragments (so they are not officially confirmed) but circumstantial evidence suggests they were formed by an impact_ The list also contains two confirmed craters (Dalgaranga and Veevers) whose age has only been estimated to be a couple of thousand years based on their morphology_ Source: own study based on literature research – especially sources listed in the table_

Crater ParametersReferences
CraterCountryCoordinatesDiameter of the largest crater [m]AgeImpactor typeNo. craters
CarancasPeru16° 39′ 52″ S; 69° 2′ 39″ W142007 ADH4-51Tancredi et al. 2009
HavilandUSA37° 34′ 57″ N; 99° 9′ 50″ W150.2 kaPallasite1Honda et al. 2002
Dalgaranga *Australia27° 38′ 6″ S; 117° 17′ 20″ E24?M.siderite1Hamacher et al. 2013
Sikhote AlinRussia46° 9′ 36″ N; 134° 39′ 12″ E271947 ADIIAB5 +nKrinov 1971
WhitecourtCanada53° 59′ 56″ N; 115° 35′ 51″ W361.1 kaIIIAB1Herd et al. 2008
KamilEgypt22° 1′ 6″ N; 26° 5′ 16″ E452000 BC–500 ADIron, ungr.1Sighinolfi et al. 2015
Sobolev **Russia46° 18′ 0″ N; 137° 52′ 0″ E53? / <1 ka?1Khryanina 1981
Campo d. CieloArgentina27° 36′ 35″ S; 61° 40′ 53″ W65×1054 kaIAB4 +nCassidy et al. 1965
Ilumetsa **Estonia57°57′36″N; 27°24′11″E807 ka?2Losiak et al. 2020
Veevers *Australia22° 58′ 12″ S; 125° 22′ 21″ E80?IIAB1Shoemaker et al. 2005
MoraskoPoland52° 29′ 25″ N; 16° 53′ 48″ E1005 kaIAB-MG7Szokaluk et al. 2019
KaaliEstonia58° 22′ 22″ N; 22° 40′ 10″ E1103.5 kaIAB8Losiak et al. 2016
WabarSaudi Arabia21° 29′ 58″ N; 50° 28′ 7″ E116~19th centuryIIIA5Gnos et al. 2013
HenburyAustralia24° 34′ 19″ S; 133° 8′ 53″ E1574.2 kaIIIAB13Shoemaker et al. 2005
BoxholeAustralia22° 36′ 46″ S; 135° 11′ 43″ E1703 kaIIAB1Shoemaker et al. 2005
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2023-0016 | Journal eISSN: 2084-6118 | Journal ISSN: 0867-6046
Language: English
Page range: 165 - 171
Submitted on: May 8, 2023
Accepted on: Sep 25, 2023
Published on: Oct 31, 2023
Published by: Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2023 Anna Losiak, published by Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.